Pope Francis Calls Us Look At Each Other With Sympathy...

I believe that Pope Francis calls us to look at each other with sympathy and empathy. In order for us to do that we must first encounter others for more than just a brief moment. In today’s world it is more challenging to engage with others as we don’t even communicate in full sentences. Social media is a wonderful tool to stay contact which each other but has influenced and almost replaced other forms communication. # 169 â€Å"In a culture paradoxically suffering from anonymity and at the same time obsessed with the details of other people’s lives, shamelessly given over to morbid curiosity, the Church must look more closely and sympathetically at others whenever necessary.† We have to be willing to go beyond just pleasantries and small talk. People tend to hide their emotions and issues in plain sight, we must are called to have the courage to encourage a deeper connection. #169 â€Å"The pace of this accompaniment must be steady and reassuring , reflecting our closeness and our compassionate gaze which also heals, liberates and encourages growth in the Christian life.† I compare this to parents trying to communication with teenagers who are so self-involved and have a difficult time viewing the world beyond their experiences. We have to be willing to draw people out from their worlds to be part of a community. This is one of the core pillars in our parish Vision of Faith in order for us to reach wide or share blessings, we must connect just beyond drive-by conversations.Show MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesChristian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United

Light Beer versus Dark Beer Free Essays

Thesis Statement There are several differences between light beer (which include the following: American Standard Beers, American Light Beers, American Wheat Ales, Belgian Wheat Ales, Hefeweizen, and Pilsners) and dark beer (which include Brown Ales, German Bocks, Nut Brown Ales, Porters, and Stouts). Some of the differences include their origins, the processes involved in making or producing it, as well as, their popularity since light beer is far more popular than dark beer. Origin Both light and dark beer came to exist in 1772 (Chronology. We will write a custom essay sample on Light Beer versus Dark Beer or any similar topic only for you Order Now . n.p.). The production of both began in 1587 when the immigrants of Virginia brewed ale through the use of corn (Chronology.. n.p.). Then twenty years after that, England sent its first shipment of beer to the immigrants of Virginia (Chronology.. n.p.). Two years after that, London were already looking for brewers to assist those immigrants of Virginia; back then advertisements which states, â€Å"American Help Wanted† were posted (Chronology.. n.p.). After that, the first brewery has been instituted in Manhattan by â€Å"Adrian Block and Hans Christiansen† (Chronology.. n.p.). The institution of that brewery aforementioned caused the birth of â€Å"Jean Vigne† who was the â€Å"first non-native American to become the first brewer horn in Manhattan† (Chronology.. n.p.). In addition to that, after a few years, â€Å"Governor Van Twiller† along with the â€Å"West India Company† built another brewery in New Amsterdam on Brewers Street (Chronology.. n.p.). This has been followed by another brewery which was built on Manhattan Island by Peter Ninuit (Chronology.. n.p.). After so many breweries have been instituted, a license to open a pub in Boston has been awarded to a man named Samuel Cole (Chronology.. n.p.). Three years later, the â€Å"first authoritatively recorded brewery in the Massachusetts Bay Colony under the control of Captain Sedgwick has been instituted† (Chronology.. n.p.). Then another brewery has been built located in Providence, Rhode Island which has been assigned and to be led by Sergeant Bauleton (Chronology.. n.p.). Immediately following that, â€Å"Samuel Wentworth has been given a license to operate and brew beer in New Hampshire† in 1670 (Chronology.. n.p.). Two more breweries were set up: one in 1683 which was set up near Bristol, Pennsylvania and another one in 1738 which has been established in Jekyll Island, Georgia (Chronology.. n.p.). Then finally after 34 years, dark and light beer have been concocted in England (Chronology.. n.p.). Process of Making It In making light beer, the first stage is to â€Å"steep the grain in water until it sprouts or germinates† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). After that stage technically referred to as â€Å"malting†, the grain/malt is then heated and dried â€Å"in order to stop the malt from germinating further† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.) After that process known as â€Å"kilning†, the malt may be roasted further according to preferred color and flavor (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). The next step is to â€Å"process the dried malt in a mill in order for the outer coating of the grain to crack† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). After cracking it will placed in a container then it will be poured with hot water (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). Here, the sugars contained in the grain will be broken down and released in the water and will consequently produce a sweet liquid called wort as well (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). After that the â€Å"wort† will be boiled for two hours and hops will be added (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.).In making dark beer, the same processed is followed except that hops in dark beer are boiled 30 minutes or more longer (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). Popularity It is said that college students are more likely to drink light beers. This is simply because it is easier to drink than dark ones. However, a medical breakthrough affected such popularity of light beer because dark beer has been proven to prevent blood clots (Peck n.p.). In addition to that, it has â€Å"powerful antioxidant effects† (Fauber n.p.). Conclusion Both light and dark beers were produced in 1772 sharing the same history. They differ, however in the process of making it since dark beers involve more time in boiling hops than in light beers. Also, in terms of popularity, although dark beers are proven to be good for the health, more people still go for light beers especially college students. References Chronology of the American Brewing Industry. n.d. n.a. 22 October 2007 http://www.beerhistory.com/library/holdings/chronology.shtml Fauber, John. Dark Beer Better for Heart. 11 November 2003. The Temple News. 22 October 2007 http://temple-news.com/wp-signup.php?new=media.www Peck, Peggy. Dark Beer May be Better for the Heart. 11 November 2003. WebMD. 22 October 2007 http://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20031111/dark-beer-may-be-better-for-heart SF Brewers Guild. How Beer is Made. n.d. n.a. 22 October 2007 http://sfbrewersguild.org/beer.html How to cite Light Beer versus Dark Beer, Essay examples

Disability Discrimination Act

Question: Discuss about the Report for Disability Discrimination Act. Answer: Impact that might be on the programs ran at the youth centre if young people who attended have parents who were part of the stolen generations. If Mandy allows young people whose parents are part of the stolen generation to attend the programs, then serious cases are likely to arise. Mandy is a new manager at the organization and has no idea about the culture of the people in the organization and even those around the organisation. The young people are likely to take advantage of the situation given that Mandy has no understanding of the cultural activities of the people in the organisation (Hawgood Ponsen, 2012). The parents of the young people are claimed to have originated from the stolen communities. As a result, the children are more likely to possess their behaviours which are not in line with the culture that is expected from the people within the organisation. Parents are the leaders and role model to their children when they are brought up (Lasater Stiles, 2010, p. 33). The children would, therefore, assume all the cultural activities of their parents and exercise. This would happen when they get into their juvenile stage where they become independent. The young people would, therefore, encourage the involvement of people in Aboriginal practices and hence promote the activities of the organisation. Relationship and communication issues that might be important to the young people The young people who attend the programs come with the intention of mixing and interacting with other Indigenous Australian young people (Becker Wortmann, 2009, p. 67). In the process of interacting, the young people build new relationships. They also learn a new language of communication. Also, the youth develop communication skills. Communication skills play a very crucial role in the lives of young people. In particular, the skills enable the young people to create and develop meaning relationships (Gilbert, 2012, p. 35-40). A good relationship would enable the young people to develop into responsible adults. They would hence be able to integrate and interact with the rest of the people in the society. Why consultation with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people is important when discussing and developing strategies for cultural safety Consultation with the Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people is critical and essential. This is because Mandy is new in the managerial position. She has no understanding of the cultural issues of the people (Maurer, 2016, p. 23). It is, therefore, appropriate for her to consider working with the community regarding strategies to be applied in social safety. The people understand their culture better. They are therefore able to advise the manager accordingly regarding strategies that promote cultural safety (Hawgood Ponsen, 2012, p. 51). Why it is important for Mandy to evaluate the cultural safety of the programs run at the centre As the manager of the organisation, it is his responsibility to ensure that the organisation is secure. She is the one that would be held responsible if there is any security lapse. Besides, she has not been in the organisation in the past and hence has no idea about the social safety of the programs that are organised in the organisation. The only way that she can determine the cultural safety of the programs is through practical evaluation (Lefevre, 2014, p. 121). Case Study 2 Advice that I would give Jill in terms of improving the communication techniques used by staff in order for them to learn to show respect for the cultural differences of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people I would first remind Jill that we do communicate wherever we are hanging out with friends. We also communicate when in churches and even when at home (Mcintosh Luecke, 2008, p. 45-47). However, we have never thought of coming up with effective ways that would improve our communication techniques in those place. We are only faced with this challenge when it comes to our workplace. It, therefore, means that there are some things that we do in other places but fail to do them at the places of work. One of the things that should be done to enhance communication is the embracing of direct communication (Mcintosh Luecke, 2008, p. 44). The 21st century is an error of digital communication. It would, therefore, be appropriate to relay information via phone call, Facebook, and even a message to some people, instead of directly approaching them. Jill should also come up with initiatives/ or activities that would promote team building among the people working in the organisation. Finally, I w ould advise Jill to educate the people on the importance of understanding and respecting the cultural differences that exist in most workplaces (Craemer, 2011). Work practice that may need to be reviewed to improve the respect show to Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people who attend the service. One work practice that may need to be reviewed to show respect to the Aboriginal people is the abolishment of verbal orders. During this digital error, verbal communication should be replaced with written information. If this is done then, the people would no longer feel that disrespect is shown to them. Respect would develop, and the Aboriginal would interact and socialize freely with the people who attend the services (Gilbert, 2012, p. 87). Three communication techniques Jill could use that would improve the respect is shown to people attending the housing service. Three communication techniques that Jill could use are as follows; Encouraging the employees at the organisation to avoid personalisation of criticisms should be directed towards actions and results. Whenever an individual is being criticised, it should not be based upon intent. All criticisms should be directed towards the intent. Motivations that drive someone towards an activity can never be known quickly (Lasater Stiles, 2010, pp. 30-33). Only the outcome of the activity and the physical actions would be seen. Management of individuals and not groups of people. Memo from the organisation's manager should be addressed to particular people. Group communication should only be embraced when there is general information that is to be passed to everyone in the organisation. However, such information should not be used to pass criticism of any nature to a member of the organisation. The manager should always learn to criticize people in private but shower them with praises when they are in public (Becker Wortmann, 2009, p. 65). The manager should always have face-to-face conversations with the subordinates. Written communication may at times be misinterpreted and hence may result in confusion or even conflict. There has never been any substitute that can replace face to face conversations whereby subordinates can see the facial reaction of the manager and hence adjust accordingly (Maurer, 2016, p. 26). Case Study 3 Compliance with anti-discrimination laws and safety for Aboriginal people Betty intends to put up a childcare centre in her community. However, she would like to involve the Aboriginal and/ or Torres Strait Islander people in the planning of the childcare centre and even in the delivery of services (Cross, 2004, p. 57). Since the culture of her community members is different from the culture of the Aboriginal people, disagreements and discrimination would emerge between the two groups of people. It was hence necessary to comply with anti-discrimination legislations. The Disability Discrimination Act of 1992 and safety provision for Torres/ Aboriginal Strait children The legislation act of 1992 defends people with disability from discrimination. The act would ensure that people with disability, among them children and families from the Aboriginal and /or Torres Strait Islander are not discriminated. Anyone who is found discriminating people with disability would be arrested and charged before a court of law. Many people in the society would, therefore, develop fear and abstain from any form discrimination against people who are living with disability (Australian Government, 2014, p. 23). The Racial Discrimination 1975 Act and safety provision for Torres/ Aboriginal Strait children The racial discrimination act would ensure that the people are not discriminated by their race. All the races would be treated the same. This act would promote friendship and coexistence between different groups of people. The people would correlate together and in the process get to understand the difference in the cultures, enhancing the cultural safety (Hawgood Ponsen, 2012, p. 99). Advising Betty on involving people with Aboriginal and Torres Straits in planning processes for childcare centre I would advise Betty to include the people in the planning process. A large number of the group stay in the locality and hence as likely to have a better understanding of all the requirements for establishing a child care centre within the community (Cross, 2004, p. 71). Advising Betty on promoting the importance of employing people with Aboriginal and Torres Straits in childcare centre I would inform encourage Betty to go ahead with the initiative. However, I would encourage her to be cautious, not to employ the Aboriginal and/ or Torres Strait Island people not to forget about the other groups of people who also live within the community. I would further advise ensuring that the recruitment of the group of people is based on merit. References list Australian Govenment, 2014. Disability Discrimination Act 1992. Federal Registra of Legislation. Becker, E. F. Wortmann, J., 2009. Mastering Communication at Work: How to Lead, Manage, and Influence. s.l.:McGraw Hill Professional. Craemer, M., 2011. 10 tips to improve workplace communication. Settle p, pp. 35-34. Cross, M., 2004. Children with Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties and Communication Problems: There is Always a Reason. s.l.:Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Gareth Hawgood, A. P., 2012. Cambridge Checkpoints HSC Personal Development, Health and Physical Education. s.l.:Cambridge University Press. Gilbert, M., 2012. Communication Miracles at Work: Effective Tools and Tips for Getting the Most from Your Work Relationships. s.l.:Conari Press, . Lasater, I. Stiles, J., 2010. Words That Work in Business: A Practical Guide to Effective Communication in the Workplace. s.l.:PuddleDancer Press. Lefevre, M., 2014. Communicating with children and young people: Making a difference. s.l.:Policy Press. Maurer, R., 2016. Feedback Toolkit: 16 Tools for Better Communication in the Workplace, Second Edition. s.l.:CRC Press. MCINTOSH, P. LUECKE, R. A., 2008. Interpersonal Communication Skills in the Workplace: EBook Edition. s.l.:AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn,.

Utilitarianism And Euthanasia Essay Example For Students

Utilitarianism And Euthanasia Essay Today there are five to ten thousand comatose patients in long term care facilities (Wheeler A1). There are countless elderly people in care facilities that have repeatedly expressed a desire to die. There are countless terminally ill patients that have also begged for death. Should these people be allowed to die, or should they be forced to keep on living? This question has plagued ethicists and physicians throughout the years. In the Netherlands, courts have begun to permit the administration of lethal injections to terminally ill patients (Jacoby 101). To many people, this is a barbaric practice. To others, it is the only humane thing to do. When a person is dying of a terminal illness with no hope of recovery, that person should be allowed to die if they wish. Deliberately keeping them alive to endure the pain and suffering of their illness is the barbaric practice. If they wish death, death should be given to them. Activists for the Right to Life dont stop to consider the right to die. I believe that the Right to Die is as sacred a right as the Right to Life. People who believe in the Right to Die are not alone. The Hemlock Society, which advocates the right to die for terminally ill patients claims to have 28,000 members in forty chapters nationwide (Derr 3). We will write a custom essay on Utilitarianism And Euthanasia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now One of the controversies over the right to die is: who should choose? If the patient is comatose or is unable to make rational judgements, should the doctor or a family member be permitted to make the final decision? If family members were allowed to make the decision Right to Life advocates claim, a family member could get away with the murder of a relative just because that person cant make up their own mind. Right to Death advocates have a simple answer to this problem. Every person should have a Living Will which simply states that that person wishes death if they are fatally injured or become terminally ill. A Living Will would permit people to make their own decisions about life and death with no possibility of being misunderstood. Today, Holland has legal euthanasia where an estimate for the figures for deaths from active euthanasia would be in the range of six to eighteen thousand deaths (Moody 712). This number may seem horrible to some, but to others, it simply means another six to eighteen thousand people who are no longer suffering. I do not know why the Advocates for the Right to Life insist on keeping people who are suffering alive, but I do know that they have no right to dictate to a person whether or not they have the right to die. I can understand the concern of these people that euthanasia might be used for unethical killings, such as the Nazis did in World War II, but if euthanasia were strictly regulated to include only those who had specifically asked for euthanasia, or those who had asked for it in living wills, then what happened in Germany could be prevented. When someone is suffering extreme pain from an injury or a terrible disease, do we deny them drugs to make them more comfortable? Of course not. I see no reason to deny the same suffering and dying people the comfort of death. WORKS CITED* Derr, Patrick. Euthanasia and the Future of Medicine. Hastings Center Report December 1988: 2-3* Jacoby, Tamar. I Helped Her on Her Way' Newsweek November 7, 1988: 101* Moody, Harry R. Legal and Ethical Issues in Elder Care: The Right to Die Gerontologist October 1988: 711-712* Wheeler, David L. Euthanasia: an Increasingly Pressing Issue for Ethicists and Physicians Chronicle of Higher Education November 9, 1988: A1, A6

Totalitarian Dictators essays

Totalitarian Dictators essays The first things that come to mind when the names Stalin, Mussolini and Hitler are mentioned are the cruel, tyrannical, inhumane acts they committed against their own people, and people of other nationalities. But, what one fails to see is the public works they sponsored, the ways they modernized their countries, and other beneficial causes they supported. Without these dictators the countries of Russia, Italy and Germany would have all been affected in very distinct ways; and although their rules were mainly counterproductive, the actions they took to improve the lives of their people would in some cases bring them out of a depression, and in other cases modernize them, in times when their countries called for it most. Joseph Stalins devotion to the non-dependency of the much-rivaled capitalist westerners pushed him and the rest of communist Russia to strive for modernization and self-sufficiency. His accomplishments consist of industrializing the U.S.S.R. in a time when their position as a world power was questioned. Stalins Five-Year plan was devised to prepare the U.S.S.R. in defending itself from inevitable war with the capitalist countries of the west. Although many lives were sacrificed in this process his goal was ultimately achieved. If not for his timing the U.S.S.R. would clearly not have stood a chance against its hated rival Nazi Germany in World War II. Stalin, however cruel he was, enforced a crucial part of Russian modernization, that if overlooked would have led them to a humiliating defeat in the Second World War. Benito Mussolini was very effective at raising the spirits of Italians, boosting their poor economy, and strengthening their week military, as well as supporting public projects, and education. Mussolini was able to accomplish all of these remarkable tasks because his fore-most goal was to make Italy a great power of Europe. He was able to support public projects like the revitalization of ...

An Examination of “Intimate Revenge” in Seamus Heaney’s “Punishment”

An Examination of â€Å"Intimate Revenge† in Seamus Heaney’s â€Å"Punishment† The poem â€Å"Punishment† by Seamus Heaney was written in 1975 as a part of the anthology North. It is a part of Heaney’s bog series, in which he describes the Irish bogland, and the different artifacts and remains that have been found within the Northern European bogs. In these poems, the bog imagery is metaphoric of Heaney’s Irish homeland, specifically Northern Ireland. Written during the bloodiest year of the Irish Troubles, â€Å"Punishment† delves deeper into this metaphor to examine relations during the time period. In â€Å"Punishment,† the poetic persona observes the body of a bog woman, the Windeby Girl. She has a noose around her neck, and as he looks at her corpse he imagines the context in which she was hanged. Throughout this first section of the poem, Heaney creates a very empathetic tone through the persona’s description of the woman and the circumstances surrounding her death. Toward the end of the poem, the persona admits t hat some part of him does not regret her execution, and almost condones it. In â€Å"Punishment,† Heaney uses contrasting images of the bog woman and metaphor of the Irish Troubles to create tension and explore the internal conflict between empathy and revenge. Heaney begins to develop an empathetic tone from the very first beginning of â€Å"Punishment.† The first three lines read: â€Å"I can feel the tug / of the halter at the nape / of her neck.† Immediately, the word tug pulls the reader into the persona’s experience. Heaney’s wonderful use of enjambment in this first stanza also leads to the creation of rousing interest. These features work together to draw the reader into the story of the bog woman simply from the initial image of her. Heaney continues to establish empathy through the persona’s continued imagery. The persona uses very vivid visual analogies to draw attention to the young age and unfortunate situation of the bog girl. In lines 7-8, the wind â€Å"shakes the frail rigging / of her ribs.† The word frail highlights her weakness and vulnerability. The persona can see her ribs. She is completely exposed. In this, Heaney establishes physical infirmity. Until the fourth stanza, the reader has no perception of age. In line 14, the persona calls her a â€Å"barked sapling.† A sapling is a young, weak tree. Barking is a practice in which a row of bark is stripped from a tree, inevitably killing it. Combined, these two simple terms create an incredibly evocative image of nature slaughtered by man. They suggest to the reader that this girl’s death is an act against nature and is inherently wrong. The persona continues to describe her in this manner, until line 20. Perhaps one of the most puzzling lines in â€Å"Punishment,† it refers to the noose around her neck. The persona compares it to â€Å"a ring / to store / the memories of love† (20-22). A noose generally brings about a negative connotation. However in this context, it is presented with a somewhat ironic and nostalgic tone. At its most basic purpose, the metaphor is alluding to the revelation in the next line. Yet, at a deeper level, the line could represent the persona’s understanding and justification of the bog girl’s crime. This appreciation is further exemplified by the persona’s personal connection to the girl. Heaney’s use of apostrophe creates an especially strong sense of empathy in â€Å"Punishment.† The persona directly addresses the exhibited woman as a â€Å"little adulteress† (23). Once again, the persona draws attention literally to her youth and paltry size through the use of little. However, this is also a term of endearment, as one would call his or her own child, further codifying the connection the persona feels with the bog woman. In this line, the reader is informed for the first time of the reason for the girl’s death. She committed a crime and she suffered the punishment. In the subsequent lines, the images transition from frailty in death to beauty in life. The persona describes her â€Å"tar-black face† as once being â€Å"beautiful† (27). This stark contrast highlights the tension of her life and death and demonstrates the empathy the persona feels for the girl. The final definitive sympathy the reader observes is in line 28, as the persona addresses the girl as â€Å"my poor scapegoat.† The possessive adjective my demonstrates the empathy the persona experiences, and the line as a whole shows a great display of sympathy. The implication of the word scapegoat is that she was punished so that others would not be. She is an example, even though the persona recognizes the unfairness of her situation. In the next stanzas, the persona begins to reveal his personal cowardice and sin. The most poignantly ashamed lines come directly after vehemently expressed empathy. The persona directly addresses the bog girl for the final time: â€Å"I almost love you / but would have cast, I know, / the stones of silence† (29-31). The images that have been developing empathy and endearment from the first line suddenly dissolve as the persona’s sympathy is proven insufficient. Despite his convictions, he does not feel strongly enough to speak out against his peers and save her. If he does, he cannot bring himself to do so for the simplest reason. Some part of him understands why she is killed, and agrees with the punishment. In the poem, the persona compares the punishment of the bog girl to the punishment of Catholic girls during the Irish Troubles. During this time, cruel punishments for seemingly minor offenses were not uncommon. The Troubles were a conflict between Irish Catholics and British Protestants. In this poem, Heaney specifically references the penalty for fraternization between these two groups. If a Catholic girl was discovered associating with a British soldier, she was â€Å"cauled in tar,† and shamed publicly (39). This is comparative to a hanging for adultery as public degradation. She is made an example, just as the bog girl is made an example. The metaphor extends not only to the literal â€Å"punishment,† but also to the emotional conflict the persona experiences. He is the â€Å"artful voyeur† of a murdered girl (32). This demonstrates a sense of guilt as he witnesses the atrocity in front of him, yet he only watches. Equally, he has â€Å"stood dumb† as he has watched his own people being punished by his own people (37). He â€Å"would connive in civilized outrage,† yet do nothing to stop the act. It is through these contradictions that the persona’s internal conflict is revealed. The persona can â€Å"understand the exact / and tribal, intimate revenge,† yet also feel boundless empathy for those punished (43-44). It is through this conflict that Heaney looks at relations during the Irish Troubles. As a prominent figure in the Catholic minority, Seamus Heaney was often called upon to make political statements in his poetry. â€Å"Punishment† exemplifies betrayal, not between the two sides, but within one. It is not degrading the Protestants, nor is it a rallying cry for the Catholics. Instead, Heaney examines revenge, empathy, and betrayal at their core. Throughout the majority of the poem, the images of the bog woman create a great feeling of empathy. Yet, it is also understood that the persona would have done nothing to save her. She executed an â€Å"intimate† betrayal, and thus deserved an â€Å"intimate revenge† (44). The allusion to Catholics during the Troubles presents an especially personal connection for Heaney. In the intense emotion of innermost betrayal, moral convictions may be set aside for the satisfaction of revenge. â€Å"Punishment† examines the ethical dilemma faced both by Catholics during the Troubles and by any person in a situ ation of war, either personal or intercontinental. The resolution Heaney reaches is uncomfortable. The persona stands in silence and accepts the violence, despite empathy for the victim. The readers discomfort comes in the understanding of why he does so. It is the question of love over hate, of peace over war, one each person must answer individually. Though Heaney rarely added fuel to the political fire of the Irish Troubles, perhaps through this poem he is asking whether this struggle is worth the pain it created.

Business Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Internet marketing in this phase after generating a feasible amount of donation request can again prove to be useful in many ways. For example, the website can also help to gain the support of professionals in this case without any extra cost. Precisely, the blogs creation can be useful to recognize the supportive donators and organize them ultimately. Another objective of the team was to establish a new gym in the local community. To attain this objective the team shall have to manage an adequate space within the building. The main supplies that the team should be focused on in this case are the equipments, one trainer at least, a changing and a resting room for the participants. In addition, the part of membership donations should also be considered. The advantages of website designing is quite remarkable in the case of New Wave Youth Club, therefore it demands a continuous development to sustain the position. To develop the website into a ‘Killer Website’ the team need to be focused on the attributes of speed, customer service and involvement of new up-graded technology as well. For instance, the team can organize awareness programs, or entertaining games which shall be effective to attract potential donators and other suppliers.

Describing three examples of activities in health care organizations Assignment

Describing three examples of activities in health care organizations - Assignment Example The immunization activities entail giving children BCG, DPT, polio, and measles immunization (Stahl, 2004). There is also epidemic preparedness and response to epidemics which is crucial to the health care organization employees because they have to start isolation of the people with the epidemic. When there is an epidemic outbreak for example the Ebola outbreak, people-centered management should be applied to give employees chances to suggest on the way forward on whether to isolate the infected people or whether to let them live with the other people. When giving an employee a chance to give a solution, it opens up their minds and makes them think. Supervisors and managers should award employees that show bravery during a difficult time of responding to an outbreak, for example an employee who saves a patient’s life. The reward will be a motivation to the individual and to the other employees who will work hard and be fully dedicated to their work. Fully participation of the employees can also earn their organization world awards. Communication between the supervisors and the employees is important for the growth of a health care organization. Where there is communication, people understand each other’s needs. When an employee’s opinion is taken into consideration, such an employee is motivated to keep on being committed to their work because they feel appreciated and respected. Moreover, meetings help employees to pass their complains and the supervisors and managers’ compliment and critic on the employees work (Carroll, 2001). The managers and supervisors encourage the employees on teamwork. In epidemic preparedness, the employees in different departments should be able to know where their teammates are, to make the daily routine surveillance for the epidemic easier. Furthermore, this aids the teammates to avoid losing a colleague to the outbreak without the knowledge of

Battle Royal. Ralph Ellison Essay Example for Free

Battle Royal. Ralph Ellison Essay I felt like he had never experienced racism to the extent that he did that day. I believe that he walked into the â€Å"smoker† believing the white people were actually interested in what he had to say. He was even prideful thinking that he was better than the other boys he was forced into the elevator with â€Å"I felt superior to them in my way, and I didn’t like the manner in which we were all crowded together into the servants’ elevator† (pg. 287). The author writes about them being packed into this elevator designated for â€Å"servants. I pictured animals set for slaughter, which was not far from what the battle was, packed into a cart terrified and bewildered. Perhaps the young man believed that times had changed from when his grandfather was alive. Like the average teenager he may have believed that no one can understand the culture and the time quite like they can. He may have thought that his grandfather’s perspective was that of a bitter old man and that white people really did care about him and the rest of his people. The grandfather’s deathbed words affect the protagonist character throughout the story like the haunting of a ghost. His words tell the young man to act how the white people would like and say what they would have him say. At first I thought he was telling his grandson to stay the same and accept oppression as a way of life. In actuality I think he was telling him that he would get further acting correctly then he would by lashing out or acting irrationally. I think the grandpa knew that in order to gain respect you must act like they expected instead of becoming a radical for change. I think that essentially he was trying to tell his family to â€Å"kill them with kindness. Many symbols were present in this story. The naked blonde woman who was forced to dance in front of the men is the first. I believe that, much like the men, the blonde was a victim. The author even says that when they picked her up and tossed her around she had â€Å"terror and disgust in her eyes. † (pg. 288) To the black men she symbolized something that they were not allowed to have. I thought that although she was w hite she was still a victim to the powerful men of the town. She was forced into the ring the same way that the black men were. It seemed as if the author wanted to illustrate the complete disregard these white â€Å"powerful† men had for any one else. The American flag tattoo on the woman’s belly was ironic. I think that the flag, to many people, symbolizes freedom and rights. People around the world associate the American flag with freedoms unlike those in any other country. I think that on the stomach of the blonde woman it was a slap in the face. The black men saw the flag on her body and knew that they could not have her, nor could they have the freedoms that they were entitled to as citizens of this country. The flag shook and waved with the movements of her body, taunting the men. Waving at them, as if beckoning them to come to her, yet they were unable to because of their skin color. Much like the liberties of the United States that waved themselves in the face of the black people but they could not have because of their skin color. The author mentioned red, white and blue multiple times in the story. I thought that the references to the colors symbolic to this country were interesting. I think he used them much the same as he used the flag on the woman’s stomach. They were symbols exclusive to the United States, which is supposed to be a place of freedom; however the black people were only allowed to take part half way. The author spoke of the men’s red faces from their drinking, and the lipstick of the young woman was also red. The men were white along with the dancers skin which was a stark contrast to the young men she was surrounded by. I think that it is ironic that white is often associated with good, or innocence while black is symbolic of darkness or wickedness. In this story the roles were reversed. The white people were wicked and the black people were victims. Smoke in large quantities creates a blue haze like what might have been present in the ballroom. I think that it is interesting the use of blue because it can be associated with suffocation. I think that is what the white men were doing to the black men. They were suffocating them with their presence and their oppression. The coins that they were forced to scramble for off of the electric mat were terribly sad. They were for cars, which surely none of the men could afford. I thought it was sad they were scrambling for little amounts of money or none at all. Finally the last thing I think that was symbolic was the scholarship. While it was a great gift from the community, I think that it was also another stab at black people and their place in society. By giving the young man a scholarship to the state’s leading black college the town was saying that he was allowed the opportunity to further his education but had to remain in his place amongst the other black people. I thought that the fight the men were fighting was not just against the white people. Sadly the white people turned the black people on one another. The white’s did everything they could to tear the black people down including letting them tear each other apart. I think that the older perspective allows for us to see how he had developed as a man. He has education and a broader perspective on the world. The 17 year olds perspective was very narrow because he had not yet seen the crimes white people were capable of. The older man was not surprised or phased by the way that white people behaved with regards to blacks. I also think that as he grew older he found a part of himself that lacked.

Federalizing Aiports Essay -- Airport Security Government control Essa

Federalizing Aiports On September 11th, 2001, the United States was dealt a devastating blow when our own airplanes were used as weapons of a terrorist attack. Within just days of the attack our nations leaders began debating over how we could solve our airport security problems. As citizens of the United States were avoiding airports, because they did not seem safe, the House and the Senate of the United States Congress argued whether or not airport security staff should become federal employees. The United States House representatives, and President George W. Bush, disagree with the fact that airport security should be federalized. After evaluating the Senates proposal the House found many reasons as to why federalizing airport security is not logical. The proposal to federalize appeared to present many flaws. The fact that the proposition "concentrates on passengers and ignores the thousands of caterers, cleaners, refuelers and others with access to airports and jets who lack mandatory background checks or ID cards" (Why Federalizing Airport Security is a Bad Thing). With insufficient knowledge of the employees background or identification, another travesty, much like September 11th could occur whether security is federalized or not. The Senates solution to make one set of standards for the employees concerns the House. With the so-called "one size fits all" plan, there would be deficient security at many airports, because the sizes of our airports greatly vary. If standard s were set to secure all major airports, such as Chicago OHare and John F. Kennedy airport in New York, then many small airports would be overwhelmed by the amount of security they are required to have. As the House stated "a one size fits all soluti... ...h government intervention, the interests of the House will also be met by not forcing all airports to federalize their employees. Works Cited Book sources Hahn, Robert. Risks, costs, and lives saved: getting better results from regulation. New York: Oxford University Press; Washington, D.C.: AEI Press, 1996. Internet sources The Case Against Federalizing Airport Security. 20 October 2001. Richard W. Rahn. 13 November 2002. <http://www.cat.org/cgi-bin/scripts/printtech.cgi/dailys/10-20-01.html>. Senator Clinton Calls on Congress To Adopt Senate Bill Federalizing Airport Security. 6 November 2001. Last viewed: 13 November 2002. <http://clinton.senate.gov/news/2001/11/2001B07603.html>. Why Federalizing Airport Security Is A Bad Idea. 24 October 2001. Daily Policy Digest. 13 November 2002. <http://www.ncpa.org/iss/ter/2001/pd102401a.html>.

Slavery in Renaissance

Europe in the 14th to 16th century was marked by Renaissance. Renaissance which means â€Å"rebirth† began in Italy and later on expanded into different countries like Engalnd, France, including Germany. Within those three centuries, Renaissance reached other parts of Europe. In these years, the focus of study turned into morality of human actions rather than the usual religious issues(Encarta, 2007). It was in this era when Humanism was introduced which is based on the Philiosophy that all people are rational beings thus, everyone possesss the capacity of goodness and the truth. Furthermore, Humanism gives emphsais to the worth of an individual. While the Italian Renaissance represents the best of Europe, there are different practices that were made that conflicts Humanism. Renaissance was the same period wherein rediscovery of slavery happened (Hooker, 1996). Slavery dates back to the pre-historic times but it was in the 12th century when Human Slave Labor was rediscovered in Europe. On 1444, Portugal started to import slaves due to lack of agricultural workers while Spain followed in the 16th century and England joined the trade in the latter part of the 16th century. Hooker, 1996) Slavery was defined as an involuntary or forced form of human servitude wherein most services are obtained through force and slaves were considered as property of owner. These slaves are considered as things and they were being traded, bought, sold or payment fo0r a debt and also serve as a gift. Slaves during these times were obtained either by raid of conquest of other people wihin or from other society. During Renaissance, the fast growing Italian City-Estates demand for more slaves and was later on considered as the largest consumer of human slave. Slaves in Italy are mostly domestic servants and every wealthy family in the city have atleast one slave for household. (Hooker, 1996) While Humanists were proposing to educate the whole person of an individual, including the physical and moral development aside from intellectual achievement, a new type of slave was introduced in the purpose of economical reasons. Plantation slaves were the cheapest labor that is possible during that time. (Encarta, 2007) The existence of slavery during the Renaissance wherein the emphasis on the worth of people was highly regarded, was quite conflicting to each other but, it is evident in the accounts of Renaissance that slavery is really visible and there is a very large amount of victims of slavery. This Human Slave Trade and the presence of the â€Å"Plantation S;aves† was due to the growing needs of the plantations especially the sugar plantations for workers that will be paid in a small amount. Plantation Slave was caused by the economic stability of Italy and the growing plantations. Hence, the conflict on slavery and humanism started. (Hooker, 1996)

Robbie the Reindeer – Evaluation of the scene in the woods

We have been looking at the animation ‘Robbie the Reindeer'. This is an evaluation of the scene when Robbie and Blitzern are fighting in the hover car in the woods. The scene starts off with Robbie on a rocket chasing after the evil Blitzern who is getting away on a hover car. The animators show movement with the trees rushing by. The camera angle change from low shots of Robbie on the rocket to fast panning shots of Robbie flying past on the rocket. There are SFX of the wind rushing by and the rocket and the cars engines. The music is getting louder and louder to build tension. The music is quite fast and has a definite beat so that we can feel the tension. The strong beat could represent the tension before an army goes into battle or even the racing heartbeat of Robbie and Blitzern. Another good thing that I noticed was that the Reindeers ears even flapped in the wind. The fight starts and there is a struggle. Blitzern has Robbie down and says, ‘ Now is when you die'. Just as he says this we see Donner, Robbie's girlfriend' in the background. She has been shot out of a cannon and is fast approaching. It is a low shot and Donner looks like she is about to come and crash into the camera. Just as she is about to hit the camera the angle changes to a side view and we see her crash into the Car. She then pulls herself up and stands tall. She starts having a go at Robbie for not being a good boyfriend and all the usual things. While she is saying this Robbie is trying to explain whilst being strangled by Blitzern. Blitzern finally stops fighting Robbie and Says to Donner, ‘How do you expect us to have a fight with you going on like that!?' He then tries to sort out Donner and Robbie's problems. The music has stopped by this time and all we can hear it the engine on the car and the wind rushing by. Robbie and Donner sort out their differences and Robbie asks Donner to marry him. As this is happening the music fades back in but in a more romantic mood. Just as Donner is about to accept Blitzern cuts in and says ‘ Oh, how sweet, But Now is when I KILL YOU!' as he says this, the music gets louder and more dramatic. It is ironic that he says this as he has just helped them get engaged! It is a low camera angle looking up on Blitzern to make him look big and powerful. Then the camera changes to look on Donner. She is standing up with her hands on her hips in an intimidating fashion. The angle is again low looking up to her. She says ‘No one, but No one hurts my Fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½!' The camera zooms into her face and we can see that she is very angry. The music has changed again and is still dramatic and tension building but not as loud because it is more feminine. She punches Blitzern and he is wrapped around a tree branch and shoots off up into the sky. The music is now in a triumphant style because Robbie and Donner have won. Blitzern then falls to the ground and bounces in to the jail, which is already, crammed full of his rabbit helpers. Then we see that the Park has been turned into a Viking Disco Park. We see a DJ on the decks playing Robbie Williams' Rock DJ tune. This is linked to Robbie the reindeer's name and also the music is very contemporary and happy.

drawing essays

drawing essays Most people believe that all that is needed to produce a great drawing is a pencil and a piece of paper, which is true, but to produce a great drawing you need to use a combination of different pencils, blenders, erasers, papers, and other miscellaneous materials to increase the realism of a drawing. There are many types of materials used for a drawing, as stated above,which brings out the effect that the object is really real. A pencil is the most important material used for a drawing besides paper,which I will talk about later. Pencils come in more than just an everyday number two, pencils come in multiple types from the hardness of the lead to what chemical the lead is made of. Pencils are lettered and numbered to let you know what kind of pencil it is. The pencil with the letter B has the softest leads,and the pencil labled 9B is the softest pencil which has been invented. Erasers are known by everyone to get rid of unwanted or un-needed marks, but they are also used to bring out textures and special effects of a drawing. Blenders are used to create shadows and show where a dark color fades into a lighter color, and vice versa by balancing colors and keep proportion. Blenders come in many shapes, sizes, and purposes. The paper, of coarse, is what the drawing is drawn on. Paper, like the pencils and blenders,are created in different sizes, shapes, kinds and purposes ( J.D. Hillberry 10-15). The following materials are divided into different types for a specific reasons and uses in creating a drawing. Pencils are used to place a picture on a piece of paper or medium, but different types of pencils bring out how the picture will look when it is completed. Different types of pencils, as stated earlier, are created with different types of leads or chemicals ( J.D. Hillberry 10 ). Leads vary from 4H, which is the hardest lead and produces the lightest color, to 9B, which is the softest lead and produces the darkest col...

Strategic Human Resource Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Human Resource Evaluation - Essay Example The abilities of people to cope with such environment define the success of any organization. Because of this, human resource function has become the integral part of the corporate strategic planning. Top executives are increasingly looking to HR to improve the bottom-line. In addition to staffing, recruiting and compensation, new value-added HR functions have evolved including career planning, training, organizational development and succession planning. Strategic Human Resource Management contributes not only to achievement of the motivated workforce, but also to the accomplishment of the company's long-term strategy and to competitive advantage. The traditional roles of the Human Resource managers has changed from planning and recruiting, and today HR policies and practices influence the organizational performance. This new proactive approach to HRM is the shift from traditional view of personnel that focused on micro issues such as individual performance and satisfaction to the helping managers in maximizing the contribution of employees in achieving competitive advantage (Luthans 1998). Multinational organizations no longer rely on the technology or patents, but they utilize their people to create the competitive advantage. ... Human Resource Management can build the organizational capacity and sustained competitive advantage. Organizations must be able to adapt to the changing environments and be ready to react to risks. "Any organization that wants to remain successful must continually assess and formulate new strategies to meet the needs of its customers (both internal and external) in more effective ways" (Luthans 1998). For example, if the organization is emphasizing the cost strategy, the changes in HRM activities will enable those strategies to become the major focus of organization. If particular, the multi-skilled employees and less expensive staff will help to meet the cost objectives. Without proper changes in HRM functions, organizational strategy might fail. In addition to personnel administration, HR is supporting the company's competitive advantage by providing the talented employees AND helping the managers to strategically plan the functions of these employees within the company (Rowden 1999). Transformation of HR function into the strategic business partner positively affects the company's income. To ensure successful transformation, the overall company's business strategy should be clear. Human Resource Managers help to create customized strategic plans which do influence the effectives of the company's performance. In particular, the strategic HR manager ensures that employees understand their roles in mission accomplishment. This can be difficult to achieve in changing organization because of lack of stability and people leaving organization. The top managers usually know very little about the human resource management and their knowledge is limited to maintaining employee records and avoiding staff

An Account of the Retail Manager's Duties Essay

An Account of the Retail Manager's Duties - Essay Example Some businesses find it very hard to register high number of sales. This usually results in losses to the business or profits that are not exactly up to the levels that had been set previously. Such sales are recorded as very low returns by the businesses and thus this may result in the business closing down. When a business is recording such low returns in the sales that it is making, it is said to be under-achieving (Cox & Britain, 2004). The Retail Manager’s Account in Context Under-achieving businesses are usually in a gradual process towards witnessing a major downfall. It something is not done about these businesses, the levels of the losses that are incurred are set to continue affecting the running of the business. For a small chain store such the one I am managing, the under-achieving sales are very dangerous. This might actually result in the eventual closure of the business as a result of poor sales (Taleo.net, 2012). These poor sales are usually witnessed because o f the poor marketing that is being done by the store. In order to increase the sales of a business, it is important that the consumers are made aware of the products that the business is selling or the services that it is offering. This way, the consumers will be more knowledgeable about these products and thus their purchases will increase the sales of the business. For my store, there are a number of factors that have played a role in causing it to become an underachieving store. This position of the store is not just as a result of a single factor. The store has got a number of issues that it is facing. These issues are very crucial and affect the sales recorded at the store. One of the major factors affecting the store is the number of staff and their payroll costs. Much as the store is a small chain, the number of employees at this store is not up to the required figures. It is important that these members of staff be in the required number in order for them to work efficiently (Cox & Britain, 2004). The current number of members if staff in the stories less than the required number. Thus, the business activities in the store have been slowed down. Clients and customers are not getting the necessary services on time and this puts most of them off. Another issue that needs to be dealt with in my store is the sales plan. Looking at the reports indicating the achieved sales, it is clear that the store needs to improve on the sales plan. The strategies put in place are not giving the required feedback to the store. The sales plan is a very important and key factor in improving the sales witnessed by a business. It is this strategies that lay down the ways through which businesses can actually attract new clients and also be able to retain the previous ones. The sales plan also gives the management of the business an idea of how it should control its marketing and the areas where it needs to pay a lot of attention in. this is important for any business in orde r to give it a sense of direction. For the store under my management, the sales plan needs to be improvised if at all an increase in profits is going to be witnessed. This is one area that I have to put a lot of concentration in (Stanley, 1999). Key Performance Indicators for Improving the Business In order to improve the sales of an underachieving business, it is very important to

The Significance of Storytelling for Children Thesis Proposal

The Significance of Storytelling for Children - Thesis Proposal Example I have chosen to carry out an investigation into the language of books written for young children based on Gordon Pradl’s study of a child’s concept of story development. In ‘Narratology: The Study of Story Structure’, he states:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Applebee describes six stages in children's event-arrangement, a developmental pattern ranging from "heaps" (mere lists of unrelated perceptions) to "true narratives" (complete events that reveal a theme or evaluation of experience). Other researchers have shown that children in the telling of their own stories gradually develop certain literary conventions ("once upon a time...") as they grow increasingly sensitive to the overall aesthetic structure of a narrative.†Ã‚   Reading books to children is an age-old and trusted method of instilling a basic comfort level in the child with a particular language. Barbara Stoodt remarks, â€Å"Reading which does not stir their imagination, which does not stretch their minds, not only wastes their time but will not hold them permanently† (Stoodt, 61) I believe that interacting and reading books with other people is a more natural way for children to learn basic language skills backed up with practice of high-quality phonics (letters and sounds strategy) The point about reading with children is to open up that most vital human interaction: a conversation. I aim to discover how books introduce new words to children and how illustrations play a key part in this. Furthermore, I aim to explore how effective books are in helping children to acquire linguistic and communicative competence by helping them learn the main aspects of language including phonology, pragmatics, semantics, and syntax.

PERSONAL ESSAY PREWRITING Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PERSONAL ESSAY PREWRITING - Assignment Example Therefore, through securing the immediate needs and acceptance the community will be protected from the high rate of recidivism especially for drug offenses meaning a safer community. The most influential person in my life is the United States of America president Barrack Obama. Barrack Obama is passionate, enthusiastic and focuses on giving humanity the foremost priority in service to the American people and beyond. Obama is influential because through the belief of service to the community being a personal responsibility and supporting community programs effort for a better America and the world at large. Through attending community service programs that are available in our neighborhood mainly addressing drug users who want to undergo rehabilitation change my life. The programs were important because opened up the real experiences of the people and families that are affected by drug or drug related problems causing a tremendous impact in my life. After undergoing these programs, I got the actual first hand effect of drug from the people we interacted with alongside the victims families. Hercules in the Greek mythology is comparable to me in terms of the source of our drive to serving our community. The character of willingness and dedication to serve without expecting reward for our action is common when it comes to my community endeavors. Hercules stand amidst resistance by the people he was serving assists a lot in giving me the focus and enthusiasm to continue pursuing my goals in the community service such as outright ridicule and

Road Traffic Accidents In Oman

Road Traffic Accidents In Oman RTAs are the direct cause of three-quarters of all accidental deaths of people between the ages of 15 and 24 years (ROP, 2005). In 2005,688 men, women and children were killed and 6,500 injured in 9247 crashes. There have been nearly 45,000 injured since the year 2000. For every death in a road accident, 2 to 3 young people are permanently disabled (ROP, 2010). Factors Influencing THE High Prevalence of RTAs in Oman Socioeconomic Factors In the last three decades, a large economic growth in the Arabian Gulf countries including Oman took place, due to the discovery of oil. Many aspects of life changed shortly after that. There was a sudden increase both in population and in the number of vehicles and that was also accompanied by a rapid expansion of road construction. All these economic factors have changed many aspects of life and have given the public the opportunity to own private cars ( Bener and Jadaan, 1992), which consequently led to the increased number of accidents around the country. However, the different socioeconomic family condition within the country had its effect on the likelihood of a child or young adult being killed or injured in an RTA. From my personal experience, as a native Omani, children and young adults from a rich families will be using private transport to get to school while the low socioeconomic state family children go to school either by walking or using public transport which, accordi ng to WHO (2007) put them at a higher risk of being involved in an RTA. Behaviour The behaviour of the road user clearly constitutes an important risk factor for RTAs. In Oman careless driving and excess speed are identified as the main causes of RTAs ( ROP, 2010), especially among the age group 15 to 25 years. This age is identified with its complex interaction in terms of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial developmental processes, which result in greater risk-taking (Johnson and Jones 2010). On the other hand, women in Oman are over cautious drivers, which is likely to confuse other road users by their hesitation and thus precipitate a RTA (ROP, 2010). Public Policy The law and the road legislative authority have established a lot of regulations to improve road users safety, like the compulsory wearing of front seat belts, implementation of speed limits and the prohibiting the use of mobile phones during driving (ROP, 2010). However, based on my knowledge and experience, those legislations are loosely applied, which leads to a poor compliance by the community. A study was carried out to examine seat belt wearing in cars entering the Sultan Qaboos University complex on a single day. The study showed that 90.1% of drivers and 80.9% of front seat passengers wore their seat belt. However, only 1.4% of rear seat passengers wore a seat belt. The adherence of the front seat passengers was not as that of the drivers although there were police staff at the gates to the campus and spot checks on the roads frequently result in fines. Researchers also reported that they could see front seat occupants putting on their seat belts as they approached the gates (McIlvenny, 2006 p.3). Health Services The Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is a new service in Oman. It has been developed due to the increase in the prevalence of RTAs. Currently, it is run by trained Emergency Medical Technicians under the sponsorship of the ROP Ambulance Division. The service covers most of the country and responds mainly for trauma emergencies. It is free of charge for all people in Oman. There are plans to increase its coverage to the whole country by 2012. The EMS in Oman has hard challenges especially in terms of geographical constraints (Alshaqsi, 2009). In addition, Oman has one large trauma centre, which opens the discussion for equity in the country in terms of differences in accessibility between urban and rural areas. Religion Islam is the dominant religion in Oman with small representations of Christian, Hindu and Bodehies. Religion in Oman forms a vital part of the community life. In Islam violating the legislation is unacceptable, thus death caused by a RTA is considered to be a murder or a suicide, which are major sins not only in Islam but in all religions. However a Fatwa, which is a reliable regulation on a point of Islamic law, was declared by the highest religious authority in the country; this Fatwa represented the Islamic point of view on the RTA, yet there have been no changes or decrease in the prevalence of the RTAs since the initiation of this Fatwa (AlKalili, 2011). Priority Intervention TO control RTAs IN Oman Most of the factors mentioned above are, in fact, enabling if mobilized effectively within the community to reduce the prevalence of RTAs. Thus, this section will highlight improvements to be considered in order to strengthen the public policy, health services and health education to control RTAs in Oman. Although the priorities in road safety policies cannot be global in nature because of the differing patterns of traffic and RTAs around the world, he supporting evidence on the effectiveness of the suggested interventions is mainly from western countries, which constitute a lot of differences in terms of context. That is because of the very small amount of road safety research that is done in Oman and neighboring countries, especially in the interventions that are suggested in the next section. However, the implementation of these interventions is feasible in the context of Oman. Public Policy The strict application of the existing legislation and its penalties is very essential, then benchmarking of some other safety legislations, which were shown to be effective in other countries, could be adopted. One of these legislation, for instance, is the mandatory use of rear seat-belts and child restrainers, which proved effective in reducing the seriousness of injuries thus reducing the of fatality, especially among the most vulnerable age groups, children and young adults. (Kendall and Bodiwala,1994). Readjusting the speed limits according to the international recommendation and then strict enforcement of it will result in fewer injuries. A good example of the effect of such legislation is the introduction of speed cameras in London over a six year period, which resulted in a remarkable reduction in deaths and serious injuries (West,1998). Safer design of roads and roadside environments is also important, especially in the rural areas of Oman where the roads are narrow and not straight, have no lights at night and no side guardrails or crash barriers. These interventions have resulted in fewer injuries when implemented in other countries (Elvilc, 1995). Improvements In Health Services Although the health service in Oman has a well established infrastructure, there are some interventions that could improve RTA survivals when implemented and these can be categorized in to three stages, pre-hospital, in hospital and post-hospital trauma care; Pre-hospital trauma care Although the EMS in Oman is functioning well since it was started a few years ago geographical constrains do play a major role in the speed of arrival of the EMS to the place of the RTA, as the small population of the country is scattered in a large land area; there are people who live on the mountains and others deep in the deserts, and due to these constraints a community based pre-hospital strategy was suggested by WHO (2005). Basically, it is teaching some interested community members the basic first aid and pre-hospital trauma care techniques. Those first responders can be taught to call for help and provide the first aid until health-care personnel arrive to give the necessary care. These individuals could be, for instance, taxi drivers, high school students river, high school students or the community leaders. In-hospital trauma care One large trauma centre for the whole country is situated in the capital. However, the north side of the country is as far as 12 hours driving or a two-hour flight, which constitutes a high risk in transporting RTA traumatised patients to this national trauma centre. Thus providing this kind of services at the secondary hospitals that are situated almost in all the regions of the country can play a major role in speeding up the necessary interventions and improving the survival of the RTA victims. Post-hospital trauma care (Rehabilitation system) The centralised rehabilitation care for the RTA patients needs to be decentralised and made easily accessible to all the population and in this respect the equity issue, between the urban and rural, should be considered. In summary, in providing health services for the RTAs, to improve survival rates an integrated approach between the three levels of care is strongly recommended in the literature and has proven its effectiveness (Hedstrom and Garneski 2006) Health Education. Many educational programs have been established for the prevention of RTAs in Oman. However, there is no significant statistical data related to the effect of those programs. On the other hand, Wood and Bellis (2010) argue that comprehensive interventions that engage the community at large and combine strategies such as education programmes and traffic calming measures have shown their effectiveness in Australia, USA and UK. in reducing the incidence of RTAs. Conclusion RTAs are a major public health issue in Oman. In order to develop a health promotion approach to it, community mobilisation and empowerment along with improvements, reinforcement of public health policies and the health care services is the key to prevention and the reduction in injuries. Part Two: Roads: A Health Promoting Setting introduction Road traffic accidents (RTAs) is a growing public health problem in Oman; from the discussion in part one of this assignment, evidence showed the significant impact of changing and promoting the road settings as well as the enforcement of road safety regulations. This document will present a health promotion strategy taking the roads as the setting to be addressed in order to make roads safer for everyone. Aims To establish a sustainable infrastructure that promotes road safety, and to empower the community to make the appropriate health protecting decisions through advocating healthy public policies on road safety. To increase the level of knowledge and skills of RTAs prevention through the mass media. To address inequalities in health services for RTA casualties in Oman due to geographical reasons, and empower the community to build their capacity to reduce and prevent RTA injuries. To encourage young adults in the community (15 to 25) to change their aggressive driving behavior and adopt healthier attitudes towards road safety. Health Promoting setting Health Promoting Roads Although the literature studied did not directly discuss roads as a setting for health promotion, the majority of RTA prevention and health promoting strategies are directly linked to the roads and the road users. Thus I strongly believe that in the case of RTA prevention, roads are the appropriate setting for a road safety health promotion programme. This programme is going to target all the road users (drivers, passengers, cyclists and pedestrians) at a national level. Moreover, the programme will constitute multiple integrated approaches; firstly, the medical approach, which will aim to reduce. the premature fatality due to RTAs by advocating for community, participation in the provision of first aid for RTA victims in the rural areas, where the emergency medical services EMS could be delayed due to geographical constraints. Secondly, the educational approach, which will aim to provide the knowledge and skills to the targeted group in order to assist them to make an informed choice to adapt a healthy behaviour when using the roads. Thirdly, social change approach which will aim to focus on the public health policy changes and physical infrastructure changes and improvements of roads that will eventually lead to safer roads for every one (Naidoo and Wills 2009; Bener and Crundall 2004) Tones framework model on health promotion (1994) explains the relationship between health education and health promotion. However, this framework could be adapted in this assignment to also explain the relationship of the different approaches used in order to eventually empower the community.Working for empowerment enhances individual autonomy and enables individuals, groups and communities to take more control over their lives(Naidoo and Wills 2000 pp.108-109). HEALTH Lobbying, Advocacy Health services Health promotion organisations Critical consciences arising Agenda setting Empowered participating community Public pressure Empowerment Health choices Professional education Education for health Healthy social and physical environment Healthy public policy (Adapted from Tones and Tilford 1994, cited in Naidoo and Wills 2000 p.108 AIM 1: To establish a sustainable infrastructure that promotes road safety, and to empower the community to make the appropriate healthy decision through advocating healthy public policy on road safety. Objectives Activities To identify and compile existing best practices in road structure, which promote road safety for all road users. Arrange meeting with the stakeholders involving experts to agree on the means of researching and gathering evidence Involve the community leaders to give their input Introduction of new speed limit legislation Introduction of rear seat belt legislation Introduction of child restrainers in cars Advocate for new legislation, providing the evidence of its effectiveness in promoting the road safety and prevention of RTAs. AIM 2: To increase the level of knowledge and skills of RTAs prevention through the mass media objectives Activities stakeholders Improve the community understanding of safety road usage, to enable them to change their behavior toward safer roads utilization Road safety campaigns using the mass media Radio drama and road posters on the following issues; Use of seat belts, front, rear and child restrainers Speed limits, the consequence of adherence to legislated limits. Compulsory regular breaks for the bus drivers -Director of the media in the country -Police authority Community leaders Experts in the field AIM 3: To address inequalities in health services for RTA causalities in Oman due to geographical reasons, and empowering the community to build their capacity to reduce fatalities due to RTA injuries. objectives Activities stakeholders Expand the EMS for all the country Empower some of the community members to participate in pre-hospital care. Train motivated community members like high school students, taxi drivers and community leaders in providing first aid and trauma life saving techniques. Short courses provided by trainers from paramedical training institution in a community setting like schools or the social gathering places (common in rural areas). Legal authority Training institutions Police authority Community leaders Schools managers AIM 4: To encourage young adults in the community (15 to 25) to change their aggressive driving behavior and adopt healthier attitudes towards roads safety objectives Activities stakeholders Introduce a road safety programme in high schools To adopt criteria for licensing which includes the attitude of the driver . Road safety school curriculum for high school students Thought materials for driving schools Education authority Police authority School managers Driving training institution managers Evaluation plan of the health promoting roads program According to Naidoo and Wills (2000), the value of a health promotion intervention can be judged by considering the following criteria: effectiveness; were the aims and objectives met and to what extent (reduction of the RTAs), appropriateness; were the suggested interventions relevant to the problem, acceptability; were the interventions culturally and religiously sensitive, efficiency; how a resource was spent and equity; since it is a national programme did it cover all the country with the consideration of high vulnerability areas. Aims of the evaluation To assess short term outcomes: attitudes of the drivers on the roads in terms of adherence to the speed limits and seat belt regulations. To evaluate mid-term: process of implementation. To assess the long term outcomes: achievement of the goals Objectives The short term evaluation of the programme will be done after one year to evaluate the process of the implementation and after four years to assess the impact of the programme in the prevention of RTAs and reducing the severity of injuries Short Term Evaluation and Verification Means Number of stakeholders who participated in the planning process Number of the community leaders who participated in the traffic legislation changes Number of the new traffic legislations initiated Number of mass media programmes initiated Number of traffic offences due to poor compliance with the seat belt and speed regulations. Number of community volunteers enrolled in the trauma first aid programme Mid-Term Evaluation and Verification Means Number of road infrastructure changes, improvements and maintenance projects planned and budgeted School road safety curriculum implementation Long-Term Evaluation and Verification Means Percentage of RTA reduction from all the regions in the country. Percentage of deaths, injuries caused by RTAs and the type and severity of the injuries. Sustainability of all the initiated interventions Research of changes in high school students behavior in regard to aggressive driving and speed limits. Changes and improvements in experts inspection and evaluation of the roads infrastructure. Conclusion Safer Roads for Everyone is a health promoting programme that will include many detailed interventions, but it is not intended to be a rigid plan. The plan and targets will be reviewed periodically to take account of new ideas from all stakeholders and the community, also to consider new evidence based interventions and new technologies. A Road Safety Advisory board will be initiated to assist in the review of the whole process.

Different Learning Styles Essay -- Education Educating Learn Essays

Different Learning Styles Students have different ways to learn. Some people are hands on learners or visual learners. Teachers try to adapt the way they teach; to the way their students learn the best. The information that is being taught should be made fun so that the students remember the information. Schools are also using new technology to help students learn. Different learning styles have different effects on people. Different learning styles are the talk of many school districts from near and far. The study of different learning styles has gone back since the late 19th to the early 20th centuries. We all know that people have different ways of learning, so teachers try to teach the way their students learn the best. There are different types of learning styles for example: visual, audio, and kinesthetic. Auditory is of or pertaining to hearing, or to the sense or organs of hearing; as, the auditory nerve. Visual is having the nature of or producing an image in the mind. Kinesthetic is the sense that detects bodily position, weight, or movement of the muscles, tendons, and joints. (www.dictionary.com) There have been different studies on which ways of learning are effective for people. The CAI (computer-assisted instruction) did a study "that focused on an issue that indicated that all students, regardless of learning style, obtained higher science achievement scores when taught via CAI approach than via auditory (lecture) or visual (reading) method." (Martini, 1986) This approach is good because people may be in a special education class because they are not grasping what is being taught in their class, but it can really be the way it is being taught. They... ...0, 2003. Newspaper Article: 10. Straker, Heather. May 22, 1998. It's not what you know; it's how you get to know it. Times Educational Supplement. Issue 4273, p24, 1/4p. Retrieved on October 3, 2003. http://www.tes.co.uk. 11. Bob Salisbury. August 11, 2002. Teachers should teach. Times Educational Supplement. October 3, 2003. http://www.tes.co.uk. Internet Resources: 12. Matters of Style. November 5, 2003. http://www.ncsu.edu/felder-public/Papers/LS-Prism.htm What?s YOUR Learning style? November 5, 2003. http://www.usd.edu/trio/tut/ts/style.html 13. Activity 9 Different learning styles. November 5, 2003. http://online.curriculum.edu.au/the_cms/tools/new-display.asp?f=7886&seq=6495 14. Understanding Different Learning styles. November 5, 2003. http://www.ndt-ed.org/TeachingResources/ClassroomTips/Learning_Styles.htm Different Learning Styles Essay -- Education Educating Learn Essays Different Learning Styles Students have different ways to learn. Some people are hands on learners or visual learners. Teachers try to adapt the way they teach; to the way their students learn the best. The information that is being taught should be made fun so that the students remember the information. Schools are also using new technology to help students learn. Different learning styles have different effects on people. Different learning styles are the talk of many school districts from near and far. The study of different learning styles has gone back since the late 19th to the early 20th centuries. We all know that people have different ways of learning, so teachers try to teach the way their students learn the best. There are different types of learning styles for example: visual, audio, and kinesthetic. Auditory is of or pertaining to hearing, or to the sense or organs of hearing; as, the auditory nerve. Visual is having the nature of or producing an image in the mind. Kinesthetic is the sense that detects bodily position, weight, or movement of the muscles, tendons, and joints. (www.dictionary.com) There have been different studies on which ways of learning are effective for people. The CAI (computer-assisted instruction) did a study "that focused on an issue that indicated that all students, regardless of learning style, obtained higher science achievement scores when taught via CAI approach than via auditory (lecture) or visual (reading) method." (Martini, 1986) This approach is good because people may be in a special education class because they are not grasping what is being taught in their class, but it can really be the way it is being taught. They... ...0, 2003. Newspaper Article: 10. Straker, Heather. May 22, 1998. It's not what you know; it's how you get to know it. Times Educational Supplement. Issue 4273, p24, 1/4p. Retrieved on October 3, 2003. http://www.tes.co.uk. 11. Bob Salisbury. August 11, 2002. Teachers should teach. Times Educational Supplement. October 3, 2003. http://www.tes.co.uk. Internet Resources: 12. Matters of Style. November 5, 2003. http://www.ncsu.edu/felder-public/Papers/LS-Prism.htm What?s YOUR Learning style? November 5, 2003. http://www.usd.edu/trio/tut/ts/style.html 13. Activity 9 Different learning styles. November 5, 2003. http://online.curriculum.edu.au/the_cms/tools/new-display.asp?f=7886&seq=6495 14. Understanding Different Learning styles. November 5, 2003. http://www.ndt-ed.org/TeachingResources/ClassroomTips/Learning_Styles.htm

Brand Potency of Soft Drink in India

Introduction Research Objective The sole objective of making of this research report is to know about the present BRAND potency of PEPSI in comparison to other brands of soft drinks competing in the Indian market and by the help of a research to know that which soft drink brand has a highest brand potency. This report will further put a spotlight on the various soft drinks competitors in the Indian Market and the attitude and choice of the customers about their preferred soft drinks. Industry/Company Background Soft drink market size for FY00 was around 270 million cases (6480mn bottles). The market witnessed 5- 6% growth in the early‘90s. Presently the market growth has growth rate of 7- 8% per annum compared to 22% growth rate in the previous year. The market size for FY01 is expected to be 7000 million bottles. Soft Drink Production area The market preference is highly regional based. While cola drinks have main markets in metro cities and northern states of UP, Punjab, Haryana etc. Orange flavored drinks are popular in southern states. Sodas too are sold largely in southern states besides sale through bars. Western markets have preference towards mango flavored drinks. Diet coke presently constitutes just 0. 7% of the total carbonated beverage market. Growth promotional activities The government has adopted liberalized policies for the soft drink trade to give the industry a boast and promote the Indian brands internationally. Although the import and manufacture of international brands like Pepsi and Coke is enhanced in India the local brands are being stabilized by advertisements, good quality and low cost. The soft drinks market till early 1990s was in hands of domestic players like campa, thumps up, Limca etc but with opening up of economy and coming of MNC players Pepsi and Coke the market has come totally under their control. The distribution network of Coca cola had 6. 5 lakhs outlets across the country in FY00, which the company is planning to increase to 8 lakhs by FY01. On the other hand Pepsi Co's distribution network had 6 lakh outlets across the country during FY00 which it is planning to increase to 7. 5 Lakh by FY01. Types Soft drinks are available in glass bottles, aluminum cans and PET bottles for home consumption. Fountains also dispense them in disposable containers Non-alcoholic soft drink beverage market can be divided into fruit drinks and soft drinks. Soft drinks can be further divided into carbonated and non-carbonated drinks. Cola, lemon and oranges are carbonated drinks while mango drinks come under non carbonated category. The market can also be segmented on the basis of types of products into cola products and non-cola products. Cola products account for nearly 61-62% of the total soft drinks market. The brands that fall in this category are Pepsi, Coca- Cola, Thumps Up, diet coke, Diet Pepsi etc. Non-cola segment which constitutes 36% can be divided into 4 categories based on the types of flavors available, namely: Orange, Cloudy Lime, Clear Lime and Mango. About Pepsico & Its Products PepsiCo Mission â€Å"To be the world's premier consumer products company focused on convenience foods and beverages. We seek to produce healthy financial rewards to investors as we provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to our employees, our business partners and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for honesty, fairness and integrity. † Corporate Profile PepsiCo In India PepsiCo entered India in 1989 and has grown to become one of the country’s leading food and beverage companies. One of the largest multinational investors in the country, PepsiCo has established a business which aims to serve the long term dynamic needs of consumers in India. PepsiCo India and its partners have invested more than U. S. $1 billion since the company was established in the country. PepsiCo provides direct and indirect employment to 150,000 people including suppliers and distributors. PepsiCo nourishes consumers with a range of products from treats to healthy eats, that deliver joy as well as nutrition and always, good taste. PepsiCo India’s expansive portfolio includes iconic refreshment beverages Pepsi, 7 UP, Mirinda and Mountain Dew, in addition to low calorie options such as Diet Pepsi, hydrating and nutritional beverages such as Aquafina drinking water, isotonic sports drinks – Gatorade, Tropicana100% fruit juices, and juice based drinks – Tropicana Nectars, Tropicana Twister and Slice. Local brands – Lehar Evervess Soda, Dukes Lemonade and Mangola add to the diverse range of brands. PepsiCo’s foods company, Frito-Lay, is the leader in the branded salty snack market and all Frito Lay products are free of trans-fat and MSG. It manufactures Lay’s Potato Chips, Cheetos extruded snacks, Uncle Chipps and traditional snacks under the Kurkure and Lehar brands. The company’s high fibre breakfast cereal, Quaker Oats, and low fat and roasted snack options enhance the healthful choices available to consumers. Frito Lay’s core products, Lay’s, Kurkure, Uncle Chipps and Cheetos are cooked in Rice Bran Oil to significantly reduce saturated fats and all of its products contain voluntary nutritional labeling on their packets. The group has built an expansive beverage and foods business. To support its operations, PepsiCo has 43 bottling plants in India, of which 15 are company owned and 28 are franchisee owned. In addition to this, PepsiCo’s Frito Lay foods division has 3 state-of-the-art plants. PepsiCo’s business is based on its sustainability vision of making tomorrow better than today. PepsiCo’s commitment to living by this vision every day is visible in its contribution to the country, consumers and farmers. Performance With Purpose Performance with Purpose articulates PepsiCo India's belief that its businesses are intrinsically connected to the communities and world that surrounds it. Performance with Purpose means delivering superior financial performance at the same time as we improve the world. To deliver on this commitment, PepsiCo India will build on the incredibly strong foundation of achievement and scale up its initiatives while focusing on the following 4 critical areas that have a business link and where we believe that we can have the most impact. |  |[pic] | | | | | |[pic]REPLENISHING WATER PepsiCo India continues to replenish |[|[pic] | |water and aims to achieve positive water balance by 2009, |p|PARTNERSHIP WITH FARMERS | |which means it is committed to saving and recharging more |i|PepsiCo India’s Agri-partnerships with farmers help more than | |water than it uses in its beverage plants. |c|22,000 farmers across the country earn more. | |]| | |   |  |   | |[pic] |  |[pic] | | | | | |   |  |   | |[pic] |  |[pic]HEALTHY KIDS | |WASTE TO WEALTH | |PepsiCo India will stay committed to the health and well-being| |PepsiCo India continues to  convert Waste to Wealth, to make | |of children. It will continue to provide children with a | |cities cleaner. This award winning initiative has   established| |healthy and fun portfolio while simultaneously tackling the | |Zero Solid Waste centres that benefit more than 2,00,000 | |calories out’ side of the equation by expanding its Get Active| |community members throughout the country | |programme for kids, especially for school going children. | | |PepsiCo will also launch and distribute products directly | | | |aimed at addressing nutritional deficiencies and will launch a| | | |pilot program that directly delivers against the United | | | |Nations’ Millennium Development Goal to eradicate extreme | | | |poverty and hunger by 2015. | PepsiCo’s global commitment to Performance with P urpose PepsiCo believes that its performance is fundamentally connected to its purpose agenda which represents the commitment to give back as the company grows. It is a continuing journey that spans three major areas of focus – human, environmental and talent sustainability. Human Sustainability reflects PepsiCo’s goal of nourishing consumers with products that range from treats to healthy eats. PepsiCo’s products have always offered consumers nutrition as well as great taste. The progress that PepsiCo has made under the Human Sustainability pillar includes reformulating some of its products to improve their nutritional profile while launching products that reflect consumer demand for healthier nutritious snacks and beverages. PepsiCo partners with Governments, health officials and Non Governmental Organisations to help address obesity concerns and it continues to provide consumers with new product choices and innovations. Environmental Sustainability is based on PepsiCo’s commitment to strive to replenish the resources used where possible, and minimize the impact on the environment. PepsiCo continues to work to further reduce its water and electricity consumption and improve its packaging sustainability. Across the world, PepsiCo has re-used water from its processing plants and has worked with local communities to provide access to clean water, while supporting farmers to deliver â€Å"more crop per drop. † Talent Sustainability is founded on PepsiCo’s belief that cherishing its extraordinary group of people is crucial to building an empowered workforce. PepsiCo pursues diversity and creates an inclusive environment which encourages associates to bring their whole selves to work. PepsiCo has increased female and minority representation in the management ranks and has encouraged employees to participate in community service activities while continuing to create rewarding job opportunities for people with different abilities. Together, PepsiCo associates across the world are building on the platform of Human, Environment and Talent Sustainability, while delivering great financial results. PepsiCo India’s Performance With Purpose To deliver on the commitment of Performance With Purpose, PepsiCo India continues to build on  its strong foundation of achievements and scale up its initiatives while focusing on the following 4 critical areas that are linked to its business and where it can have the most impact. PepsiCo India’s Performance with Purpose | |Replenishing water | |[pic] | |PepsiCo India continues to replenish water and aims to achieve positive water balance by 2009, which means it is committed to saving | |and recharging more water than it uses in its beverage plants. | | | |   | |Waste to Wealth | |[pic] | |PepsiCo India continues to  convert Waste to Wealth, to make cities cleaner. This award winning initiative  has established Zero Solid | |Waste centres that benefit more than 200,000 community members throughout the country. | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |   | |[pic] | | | | | | | |Partnership with Farmers | |[pic] | |PepsiCo India’s agri-partnerships with farmers help 22,000 farmers across the country earn more. | | | | | | | |   | |Healthy Kids | |[pic] | |PepsiCo India stays committed to the health and well-being of  kids. It will continue to provide children with a diverse, heathful and| |fun portfolio while simultaneously encouraging active lifestyles by expanding its Get Active programme for kids, especially for | |school going children. PepsiCo will also launch and distribute products directly aimed at addressing nutritional deficiencies and | |will launch a pilot program that directly delivers against the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goal to eradicate extreme | |poverty and hunger by 2015. | | | [pic] Pepsi is a soft drink that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. It is sold in retail stores, restaurants, cinemas and from vending machines. The drink was first made in the 1890s by pharmacist Caleb Bradham in New Bern, North Carolina. The brand was trademarked on June 16, 1903. There have been many Pepsi variants produced over the years since 1898, including Diet Pepsi, Crystal Pepsi, Pepsi Twist, Pepsi Max, Pepsi Free, Pepsi AM, Pepsi Samba, Pepsi Blue, Pepsi Gold, Pepsi Holiday Spice, Pepsi Jazz, Vanilla Pepsi, Pepsi X (available in Finland and Brazil), Pepsi Next (available in Japan and South Korea), Pepsi Raw, Pepsi Retro in Mexico, Pepsi One, Pepsi Ice Cucumber and Pepsi White in Japan. In October 2008, Pepsi announced they would be redesigning its logo and re-branding many of its products by early 2009. In 2009, Pepsi, Diet Pepsi and Pepsi Max began using all lower-case fonts for name brands, and Diet Pepsi Max was re-branded as Pepsi Max. The brand's blue and red globe trademark became a series of â€Å"smiles,† with the central white band arcing at different angles depending on the product. As of January 2009, Pepsi's newer logos have only been adopted in the United States. Currently, Pepsi Wild Cherry and Pepsi ONE are the only two products that still use their previous design. Diet Pepsi Wild Cherry, Diet Pepsi Lime, and Diet Pepsi Vanilla received the redesign. Origins Pepsi was originally named â€Å"Brad's Drink†, after its creator, a pharmicist in New Bern, North Carolina. It was created in the summer of 1893 and was later renamed Pepsi Cola in 1898, possibly due the digestive enzyme pepsin and kola nuts used in the recipe. Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was delicious and would aid in digestion and boost energy. Another theory is that Bradham and his customers simply thought the name â€Å"Pepsi† sounded good and reflected the fact that the drink had some kind of â€Å"pep† in it because it was a carbonated drink. And another theory is that the word Pepsi was chosen because it reflected phonetically the sound of a can being opened, the sound â€Å"pop† â€Å"schi†, was condensed and simplified in the name â€Å"Pepsi†. This theory can be considered folklore only, since at the time of the naming of the drink, Pepsi was sold in glass bottles and not metal cans; and the pop top lid producing Pepsi's oddly phonetic sound wouldn't be invented for another forty years. In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore into a rented warehouse. That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup. The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. In 1929, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the original design of 1905. In 1926, the logo was changed again. In 1929, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield endorsed Pepsi-Cola in newspaper ads as â€Å"A bully drink†¦ refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race† In 1931, the Pepsi-Cola Company went bankrupt during the Great Depression- in large part due to financial losses incurred by speculating on wildly fluctuating sugar prices as a result of World War I. Assets were sold and Roy C. Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark. Eight years later, the company went bankrupt again. Pepsi's assets were then purchased by Charles Guth, the President of Loft Inc. Loft was a candy manufacturer with retail stores that contained soda fountains. He sought to replace Coca-Cola at his stores' fountains after Coke refused to give him a discount on syrup. Guth then had Loft's chemists reformulate the Pepsi-Cola syrup formula. Rise During the Great Depression, Pepsi gained popularity following the introduction in 1936 of a 12-ounce bottle. Initially priced at 10 cents, sales were slow, but when the price was slashed to five cents, sales increased substantially. With a radio advertising campaign featuring the jingle â€Å"Pepsi cola hits the spot / Twelve full ounces, that's a lot / Twice as much for a nickel, too / Pepsi-Cola is the drink for you,† Pepsi encouraged price-watching consumers to switch, obliquely referring to the Coca-Cola standard of six ounces a bottle for the price of five cents (a nickel), instead of the 12 ounces Pepsi sold at the same price. Coming at a time of economic crisis, the campaign succeeded in boosting Pepsi's status. In 1936 alone 500,000,000 bottles of Pepsi were consumed. From 1936 to 1938, Pepsi-Cola's profits doubled. Pepsi's success under Guth came while the Loft Candy business was faltering. Since he had initially used Loft's finances and facilities to establish the new Pepsi success, the near-bankrupt Loft Company sued Guth for possession of the Pepsi-Cola company. A long legal battle, Guth v. Loft, then ensued, with the case reaching the Delaware Supreme Court and ultimately ending in a loss for Guth. Marketing [pic] [pic] A bottle of Pepsi with its 2003-2008 logo. This Pepsi logo is still used with Pepsi Wild Cherry, Pepsi ONE, and in many countries. In 1975, Pepsi introduced the Pepsi Challenge marketing campaign where PepsiCo set up a blind tasting between Pepsi-Cola and rival Coca-Cola. During these blind taste tests the majority of participants picked Pepsi as the better tasting of the two soft drinks. PepsiCo took great advantage of the campaign with television commercials reporting the test results to the public. In 1976 Pepsi, RKO Bottlers in Toledo, Ohio hired the first female Pepsi salesperson, Denise Muck, to coincide with the United States bicentennial celebration. In 1996, PepsiCo launched the highly successful Pepsi Stuff marketing strategy. By 2002, the strategy was cited by Promo Magazine as one of 16 â€Å"Ageless Wonders† that â€Å"helped redefine promotion marketing. † In 2007, PepsiCo redesigned their cans for the fourteenth time, and for the first time, included more than thirty different backgrounds on each can, introducing a new background every three weeks. One of their background designs includes a string of repetitive numbers 73774. This is a numerical expression from a telephone keypad of the word â€Å"Pepsi. † In late 2008, Pepsi overhauled their entire brand, simultaneously introducing a new logo and a minimalist label design. The redesign was comparable to Coca-Cola's earlier simplification of their can and bottle designs. Due to the timing of the new logo release, some have criticised the logo change, as the new logo looked strikingly similar to the logo used for Barack Obama's successful presidential campaign, implicating a bias towards the President. Also in 4th quarter of 2008 Pepsi teamed up with Google/Youtube to produce the first daily entertainment show on Youtube for Youtube. This daily show deals with pop culture, internet viral videos, and celebrity gossip. Poptub is refreshed daily from Pepsi. Since 2007, Pepsi, Lay's, and Gatorade have had a â€Å"Bring Home the Cupâ„ ¢,† contest for Canada's biggest hockey fans. Hockey fans were asked to submit content (videos, pictures or essays) for a chance at winning a party in their hometown with The Stanley Cup and Mark Messier. In 2009, â€Å"Bring Home the Cupâ„ ¢,† changed to â€Å"Team Up and Bring Home the Cupâ„ ¢. The new installment of the campaign asks for team involvement and an advocate to submit content on behalf o f their team for the chance to have the Stanley Cup delivered to the team's hometown by Mark Messier. Bans in India Pepsi arrived on the black market in India in 1988. In 2003 and again in 2006, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organization in New Delhi, claimed that soda drinks produced by manufacturers in India, including both Pepsi and Coca-Cola, had dangerously high levels of pesticides in their drinks. Both PepsiCo and The Coca-Cola Company maintain that their drinks are safe for consumption and have published newspaper advertisements that say pesticide levels in their products are less than those in other foods such as tea, fruit and dairy products. In the Indian state of Kerala, sale and production of Pepsi-Cola, along with other soft drinks, were banned in 2006 following partial bans on the drinks in schools, colleges and hospitals in five other Indian states. On September 22, 2006, the High Court in Kerala overturned the Kerala ban ruling that only the central government can ban food products. Rivalry with Coca-Cola Main article: Cola Wars According to Consumer Reports, in the 1970s, the rivalry continued to heat up the market. Pepsi conducted blind taste tests in stores, in what was called the â€Å"Pepsi Challenge†. These tests suggested that more consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which is believed to have more lemon oil, less orange oil, and uses vanillin rather than vanilla) to Coke. The sales of Pepsi started to climb, and Pepsi kicked off the â€Å"Challenge† across the nation. This became known as the â€Å"Cola Wars. † In 1985, The Coca-Cola Company, amid much publicity, changed its formula. The theory has been advanced that New Coke, as the reformulated drink came to be known, was invented specifically in response to the Pepsi Challenge. However, a consumer backlash led to Coca-Cola quickly introducing a modified version of the original formula (removing the expensive Haitian lime oil and changing the sweetener to corn syrup) as Coke â€Å"Classic†. In the U. S. , Pepsi's total market share was about 31. 7 percent in 2004, while Coke's was about 43. 1 percent. Overall, Coca-Cola continues to outsell Pepsi in almost all areas of the world. However, exceptions include Saudi Arabia; Pakistan (Pepsi has been a dominant sponsor of the Pakistan cricket team since the 1990s); the Dominican Republic; the Canadian provinces of Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Island; and Guatemala.. Pepsi had long been the drink of Canadian Francophones and it continues to hold its dominance by relying on local Quebecois celebrities (especially Claude Meunier, of La Petite Vie fame) to sell its product. PepsiCo use the slogan â€Å"here, it's Pepsi† (Ici, c'est Pepsi) to answer to Coca-cola publicity â€Å"Everywhere in the world, it's Coke† (Partout dans le monde, c'est Coke). By most accounts, Coca-Cola was India's leading soft drink until 1977 when it left India after a new government ordered The Coca-Cola Company to turn over its secret formula for Coke and dilute its stake in its Indian unit as required by the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA). In 1988, PepsiCo gained entry to India by creating a joint venture with the Punjab government-owned Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC) and Voltas India Limited. This joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991 when the use of foreign brands was allowed; PepsiCo bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in 1994. In 1993, The Coca-Cola Company returned in pursuance of India's Liberalization policy. In 2005, The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo together held 95% market share of soft-drink sales in India. Coca-Cola India's market share was 52. 5%. [pic] [pic] A sticker from a USSR-produced Pepsi bottle. The logo shown is a version used from 1973-91. In Russia, Pepsi initially had a larger market share than Coke but it was undercut once the Cold War ended. In 1972, Pepsico company struck a barter agreement with the then government of the Soviet Union, in which Pepsico was granted exportation and Western marketing rights to Stolichnaya vodka in exchange for importation and Soviet marketing of Pepsi-Cola. This exchange led to Pepsi-Cola being the first foreign product sanctioned for sale in the U. S. S. R.. Reminiscent of the way that Coca-Cola became a cultural icon and its global spread spawned words like â€Å"coca colonization†, Pepsi-Cola and its relation to the Soviet system turned it into an icon. In the early 1990s, the term â€Å"Pepsi-stroika† began appearing as a pun on â€Å"perestroika†, the reform policy of the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev. Critics viewed the policy as a lot of fizz without substance and as an attempt to usher in Western products in deals there with the old elites. Pepsi, as one of the first American products in the Soviet Union, became a symbol of that relationship and the Soviet policy. This was reflected in Russian author Victor Pelevin's book â€Å"Generation P†. In 1989, Billy Joel mentions the rivalry between the two companies in the song We Didn't Start The Fire. The line â€Å"Rock & Roller Cola Wars† refers to Pepsi and Coke's usage of various musicians in their advertising campaigns. Coke used Paula Abdul,while Pepsi used Michael Jackson. They then continued to try to get other musicians to advertise their beverages. Whilst filming the Pepsi advert Michael Jackson burned his hair. In 1992, following the Soviet collapse, Coca-Cola was introduced to the Russian market. As it came to be associated with the new system, and Pepsi to the old, Coca-Cola rapidly captured a significant market share that might otherwise have required years to achieve. By July 2005, Coca-Cola enjoyed a market share of 19. 4 percent, followed by Pepsi with 13 percent. Ingredients Pepsi-Cola contains basic ingredients found in most other similar drinks including carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, sugar, colorings, phosphoric acid, caffeine, citric acid, and natural flavors. The caffeine-free Pepsi-Cola contains the same ingredients minus the caffeine. The original Pepsi-Cola recipe was available from documents filed with the court at the time that the Pepsi-Cola Company went bankrupt in 1929. The original formula contained neither cola nor caffeine. Competitors †¢ Coca-Cola †¢ R. C. Cola Brands Under Pepsico (used in research) 1. Miranda 2. Slice 3. Mountain Dew 4. 7 Up About Miranda Mirinda is a brand of soft drink available in fruit varieties including orange. A â€Å"citrus† flavour is also available in certain areas of the Middle East. It is part of a beverage area often referred to as the flavor segment, comprising carbonated and non-carbonated fruit-flavored beverages. The orange flavor of Mirinda represents the majority of Mirinda sales worldwide. Mirinda is owned by PepsiCo and is primarily commercialized outside of North America. It competes with Coca-Cola's Fanta and Cadbury-Schweppes's Orange Crush brand, with flavor brands local to individual countries. As with most soft drinks, Mirinda is available in multiple formulations depending on the taste of individual markets. History Mirinda was originally produced in Spain. It became available in the United States in late 2003 in bilingual packaging, and initially sold at a reduced price, presumably to become a competitor against Coca-Cola's Fanta brand. Since 2005, Mirinda flavors have largely been sold under the Tropicana Twister Soda brand in the United States except in Guam, where Pepsi began selling it under the Mirinda brand in 2007 (replacing Chamorro Punch Orange). Pepsico also tried to sell Mirinda in Brazil in late 1996, but the brand was discontinued in 1997 after weak sales, keeping the local brand Sukita under production. Recent events Mirinda campaigns over the years have included the Mirinda Woman campaign in the 1970s and a campaign in the 1994-1996 time frame with a campaign using the tag-line ‘The Taste is in Mirinda' with the Blue Man Group. In some markets, including Mexico, the Blue Man Group campaign re-launched Mirinda away from a multi-flavor positioning to a brand solely focused on the orange flavor. The Blue Man Group campaign showed the Blue Man Group competing to drink orange Mirinda and celebrating a successful drink with an open-mouth exclamation of ‘Mirindaaaa'. Also in this same country Mirinda launch a campaign with the Pokemon anime series to the children with a promotion of many gadgets with the characters of the manga series. A recent, highly successful advertising campaign was launched in India featuring a handsome young gentleman, Stefan Persson, gallivanting about town in hunt of his sweet sweet Mirinda. Stefan's credible portrayal of the Mirinda-obsessed youth earned the campaign accolades in Brand Equity, the advertising section of a leading financial newspaper. Mirinda advertising campaigns over the last fifteen years have been handled by Pepsi's stable of creative agencies, including BBDO and J Walter Thompson. Mirinda also regularly introduces special movie-themed editions in Asia. Recent ones included Batman (Blueberry) and Superman (Fruit punch). Mirinda has also recently released a new flavour of drinks called Mirinda Sorbet. They come in two flavours: Raspberry and Lime. Facts [pic] [pic] Pepsi and Mirinda (orange flavor) with Arabic labels (bottled, left to right). †¢ Mirinda is available in most continents of the world with other PepsiCo products. It is also in the Middle Eastern markets, but the name is commonly mispronounced as â€Å"Miranda† due to its Arabic spelling. †¢ The name â€Å"Mirinda† means â€Å"amazing† in Esperanto. There is a claim that the original manufacturer of Mirinda, which later sold the brand to PepsiCo, was an Esperanto-speaking individual. †¢ Spanish-speaking consumers may also associate it with merienda or afternoon (teatime) snack. †¢ Mirinda's primary formulation is as an artificially flavored beverage; however, it has been produced in the past with a percentage of fruit juice, usually due to local tax benefits tied to non-artificial juice ingredients. †¢ Mirinda was sold in a distinctive ribbed glass bottle in Australia and parts of Southeast Asia, when originally released there. Mirindas asesinas (â€Å"Killer Mirindas†) was the first short film of the Spanish filmmaker Alex de la Iglesia About Slice Slice is a line of fruit-flavored soft drinks m anufactured by PepsiCo and introduced in 1984, with the lemon-lime flavor replacing Teem. Varieties of Slice have included Apple, Fruit Punch, Grape, Passionfruit, Peach, Mandarin Orange, Pineapple, Strawberry, Cherry Cola, â€Å"Red†, Cherry-Lime, and Dr Slice. Originally, the drink was known for containing 10% fruit juice, but that was discontinued by 1994. The original design of the can was a solid color, related to the flavor of the drink. These were replaced around 1994 with black cans, with a colorful burst (once again, related to the flavor of the drink), along with slicker graphics. Around 1997, the cans became blue with color-coordinated swirls. The original orange flavor was reformulated at this time with an infiltration marketing campaign led by Danieli. The new flavor's slogan was â€Å"it's orange, only twisted. † Orange Slice has since been changed back to its original flavor. Lemon Lime Slice was replaced by Sierra Mist in most markets in the summer of 2000. Sierra Mist became a national brand in 2003. The rest of the Slice line was replaced in most markets by Tropicana Twister Soda in the summer of 2005, although the Dr Slice variety can still be found in some fountains. It has been discontinued in more and more markets though. In early 2006, the Slice name was resurrected for a new line of diet sodas from Pepsi, called Slice ONE. Initially, Slice ONE was available exclusively at Wal-Mart stores, in orange, grape, and berry flavors. All three flavors are sweetened with Splenda. In 2009 Slice (Orange, Diet Orange, Grape, Strawberry, Peach) will be sold only in Wal-Mart Stores. About Mountain Dew [pic] Mountain Dew (also known as Mtn Dew as of late 2008) is a soft drink distributed and manufactured by PepsiCo. The main formula was invented in Knoxville, Tennessee, named and first marketed in Knoxville and Johnson City, TN in the 1940s, then by Barney and Ally Hartman, in Fayetteville, North Carolina and across the United States in 1964. When removed from its characteristic green bottle, Mountain Dew is bright yellow-green and translucent. As of 2007, Mountain Dew was the fourth-best-selling carbonated soft drink in the United States, behind only Coca-Cola Classic, Pepsi-Cola, and Diet Coke. Diet Mountain Dew ranked ninth in sales in the same year. On October 15, 2008, it was announced that Pepsi would be redesigning their logos and re-branding many of their core products by the end of 2008. At the same time they registered the name â€Å"mtn dew† and a related logo with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. This also announced the re-launch of Mountain Dew in the UK, which was released by Pepsi in 1996 but was dropped in 1998 due to low sales. As of April 2009, the flavors â€Å"Code Red† and â€Å"Live Wire† continue to use the previous Mountain Dew design. Ingredients Mountain Dew lists its ingredients as: †¢ Carbonated water †¢ Sugar (replaced by High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in much of the United States) †¢ Concentrated orange juice †¢ Citric acid †¢ Natural flavors †¢ Sodium benzoate (preserves freshness) †¢ Caffeine (54 mg per 12  US  fluid ounces (350  ml)) †¢ Sodium citrate †¢ Erythorbic acid (preserves freshness) †¢ Gum arabic †¢ Calcium disodium EDTA (to protect flavor) †¢ Brominated vegetable oil †¢ Thiamin hydrochloride About 7 UP [pic] 7 Up is a brand of a lemon-lime flavored non-caffeinated soft drink. The rights to the brand are held by Dr Pepper Snapple Group in the United States, and PepsiCo (or its licensees) in the rest of the world. The 7 Up logo includes a red spot between the ‘7' and ‘Up'; this red spot has been animated and used as a mascot for the brand as Cool Spot. Name According to Professor Donald Sadoway (MIT) the name is derived from the atomic mass of Lithium, 7, which was originally one of the key ingredients of the drink (as lithium citrate). However, there are numerous myths explaining the name. One popular myth is that its creator named the soft drink after seeing a cattle brand with the number 7 and the letter U. Other theories suggest that the drink was formulated with seven flavors plus the bubbles from the drink's carbonation (the bubbles go up). Other ideas include the original bottle contained seven ounces; its creator came up with the name while playing dice; that it was the 7th large commercial lemonade brand that tasted the same. Another rumor has it that the name was created because the company had previously failed six times, hence the name â€Å"7 Up†. Before the formula change in 2006, a can of 7 Up included seven ingredients. The â€Å"Up† in the drink's name might refer to the original inclusion of lithium citrate, when it was marketed as a patent medicine to cure hangovers. Some people mistakenly believe that the name 7 Up comes from the belief that its pH is 7. 0 and therefore neutral. This is not the case at all: the pH of 7 Up is comparable to many other soft drinks. At a pH of 3. 67, Diet 7 Up is less acidic than lemon juice (pH 2. ), vinegar (pH 2. 9) or wine (pH 3. 5). History 7 Up was created by Charles Leiper Grigg who launched his St. Louis-based company The Howdy Corporation in 1920. Grigg came up with the formula for a lemon-lime soft drink in 1929. The product, originally named â€Å"Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda†, was launched two weeks before the Wall Street Crash of 1929. It contained lithium citrate, a mood-stabilizing drug. It was one of a number of patent medicine products popular in the late-19th and early-20th centuries; they made claims similar to today's health foods. Specifically it was marketed as a hangover cure. The product's name was soon changed to 7 Up. The Great Depression was just the beginning of the business challenges the product would face. In its early years, there were around 600 lemon-lime beverage brands being sold in the US. 7 Up was able to survive and become the market leader in the category by being one of the first to be nationally distributed as well as being marketed as more healthy than other soft drinks. The success of 7 Up led Grigg to rename his company to â€Å"The Seven Up Company† in 1936. Lithium citrate was removed from 7 Up's formula in 1950. Expanding the brand beyond a niche market, major competitors began to set their sights on it such as The Coca-Cola Company with its Sprite brand introduced in 1961. Sprite would not challenge 7 Up's position seriously until the 1980s when Coke forced its major bottlers, then distributing 7 Up, to drop the beverage in deference to Sprite. 7 Up challenged Coke's actions in court as â€Å"anti-competitive†, a challenge they eventually lost. Formula 7 Up has been reformulated several times since its launch in 1929. In 2006, the version of the product sold in the U. S. was re-formulated so that it could be marketed as being â€Å"100% Natural†. This was achieved by eliminating the preservative calcium disodium EDTA, and replacing sodium citrate with potassium citrate in order to reduce the beverage's sodium content. This re-formulation contains no fruit juice and is still sweetened with high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). The manufacturing process used in the production of HFCS has led some public health and special interest groups to challenge the ad campaign's â€Å"natural† claims. In 2007, after the Center for Science in the Public Interest threatened to sue 7 Up, it was announced that 7 Up would stop being marketed as â€Å"100% natural†. Instead, It is now promoted as having â€Å"100% Natural Flavors†. The controversy does not extend to other countries, such as the United Kingdom, where high fructose corn syrup is not generally used in foods, including 7 Up. Methods used during my research:- Interview method During the research I used the personal interview method. I asked the questions generally face to face. sometime only for the appointment I used the telephonic method. Questionnaire method Mostly I used the proper sequencing of the questions I used rating scale method Reason: – I think that this type of question is very easy and attractive to give the answer for respondent. I also used multiple choice type questions. Reason: – because this type of question is also easy for the respondent to give the answer. This is also helpful for clear and reasonable analysis. Open ended: – this type of question I also used in the form of personal interview. Research Design The design that is used in this project is exploratory design. The reason for choosing this design was to get clear response from the customers. I also used descriptive research design. Research Instrument used In this research I used mainly the structured questionnaire for getting the different type of information. Sample Size My sample size for this research report was of 100 individuals. Fieldwork It includes giving out in the field to collect required information and data from the concerned person. I used to visit major educational institutes, localities, markets, shops, malls usually area wise conducting short interviews & giving awareness and for the promotion about the. Under this survey my main objective was to have an interaction with its users and to find out their preferences. ANALYTICAL TOOLS USED Different types of charts are used : 1) Pie 2) Cylindrical Charts 3) Column Charts 4) Table of all percentage. About the Research Particularly about the project, this research was carried to know the Brand potency about the various brands of soft drinks in Indian Market on the basis of calculations of several values of each brand namely: 1. Value Of Memorization (VM): this is value of a brand which states the degree of remembrance of a particular brand. It tells that how much does one individual remember about the brand. 2. Value Of Association (VA): this is the value of the brand which tells the degree of association of a brand for an individual to his personal life experiences. 3. Value Of Description (VD): this is the value of the brand which tells the degree of a brand, that how much does it describes its features according to its brand name. 4. Value Of Motivation (VMo): this tells the value of the brand in the terms of the degree of motivation which the brand gives to the user to buy it. 5. Value Of Reurchase (VR): this tells the value of a brand according to which it can be calculated and stated that an individual will repurchase the brand. Market Potency = VM*VA*VD*VMo*VR Softdrink Brands Chosen for Research 1. Pepsi 2. Coca-cola 3. Thums Up 4. Mountain Dew 5. Sprite 6. 7 Up 7. Maaza 8. Slice 9. Mirinda 10. Fanta Data Analysis & Interpretation 1. People going for Brand wise or Taste wise in soft drink brands? (out of 100) [pic] Interpretation: According to the above mentioned question, it was asked that whether the user have soft drinks on the basis of Brand or its taste. Therefore it can be interpreted from the above graph that 77% of the sample size goes for soft drinks on the basis of its taste whereas 23% of the sample size goes on the basis of its brand. |Brandwise |Tastewise | |23 |77 | 2. Average, maximum & minimum age of the sample ? (out of 100) [pic] Interpretation: According to the interpretation of this graph we can conclude that the average age of the sample is of 23 years, maximum age of the sample is of 49 years and minimum age of the sample is of 16 years. |Average Age |23 | |Maximum Age |49 | |Minimum Age |16 | 3. Value of memorization for each soft drink brand. [pic] Interpretation: According to the diagram Brand Pepsi & Coke holds the maximum Value of Memorization among all the other brands i. e. these brands are quickly comes into the mind of the consumers. Whereas Slice & fanta holds the least value of memorization (8%). On the scale of 5 |Pepsi |Coke |Thums up |Miranda |Slice | |4. 34 |4. 19 |4. 16 |3. 48 |3. 01 | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |3. 62 |3. 58 |3. 58 |3. 29 |2. 95 | 4. Value of Repurchase for each soft drink brand. [pic] Interpretation: According to the diagram Brand Pepsi, coke, Maaza & Thums Up holds the maximum Value of Repurchase among all the other brands (11%) i. e. these brands are easily repurchased by the customers. Whereas Fanta holds the least value of repurchase (8%). On the scale of 5 |Pepsi |Coke |Thums up |Miranda |Slice | |3. 54 |3. 56 |3. 82 |3. 07 |2. 97 | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |3. 61 |3. 07 |3. 29 |2. 84 |2. 49 | 5. Value of motivation for each soft drink brand. pic] Interpretation: According to the diagram Thums Up holds the maximum Value of Motivation among all the other brands (13%) i. e. this brand easily motivates the customers. Whereas Fanta holds the least value of motivation (8%). On the scale of 5 |Pepsi |Coke |Thums up |Miranda |Slice | |3. 43 |3. 43 |3. 76 |2. 88 |2. 83 | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |3. 28 |3. 27 |3. 19 |2. 9 |2. 37 | 6. Value of Association for each soft drink brand. [pic] Interpretation: According to the diagram Pepsi holds the maximum Value of Association among all the other brands (13%) i. e. this brand is easily associated by the customers to their personal life experiences. Whereas, Fanta holds the least value of Association (7%). On the scale of 5 |Pepsi |Coke |Thums up |Miranda |Slice | |4. 43 |4. 33 |4. 47 |3. 32 |3 | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |3. 19 |3. 59 |3. 54 |3. 43 |2. 63 | 7. Value of Description for each soft drink brand. [pic] Interpretation: According to the diagram Thums up & Mazza holds the maximum Value of Description among all the other brands (12%) i. e. this brand is easily Describes its brands name according to the taste and brand it holds. Whereas, Fanta holds the least value of Description (8%). On the scale of 5 |Pepsi |Coke |Thums up |Miranda |Slice | |3. 2 |3. 51 |3. 96 |2. 86 |3. 32 | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |3. 75 |3. 29 |3. 06 |2. 95 |2. 56 | 8. Which brand holds the maximum market potency ? This is the original question for which this whole research was carried on, he answer for the maximum market potency holder brand can be interpreted by the following charts: [pic] [pic] Interpretation According to the above mentioned bar and chart it can clearly be known that in Indian Soft drink market specifically in Lucknow region Brand Thums Up has a maximum market Potency i. e. the brand Thums Up is very well known, remembered, and demended the most in the market by the consumers. Percentage wi se Thums Up holds 22% of the total Brand Potency while Fanta holds the minimum market Potency. It can be noticed thoroughly that both the maximum and the minimum potency brands are owned by COCA COLA. Pepsi holds the third position with 15% of brand potency. Above bar chart also deicts the brands with their levels in the analysis. Suggestions & Recommendations This research was particularly carried for only knowing the barnd name in the soft drink market of lucknow having the maximum market Potency which is Thums Up. It is suggested to Pepsico in Lucknow that it holds the third position in the research of market potency, which Pepsi brand holds. It is noticeable that the first positions are held by the competitors Coke. The company Pepsico should increase their marketing efforts. Limitations of the Study Though best efforts have been made to make the study fair, transparent, error free, there might be some inevitable and inherent limitations. Though I tried my level best to make this report most accurate, some of the limitations are as follows : ? This study is valid for Lucknow city only. ? Due to certain unavoidable reasons, it was not possible to cover each and every outlet such as holidays, absenteeism, working closed etc. ? There may be some biased response. ? Some of the customers didn't provide dull data. ? Most of the customers were too busy to meet. ? Too much time consumed on some calls because of appointments and waiting. Conclusion Soft drink market whether on micro or macro scale, it is vast and full with great opportunities. It is one of the industry which is not adversely affected by the recession process. Demand for soft drink is still at large, which is resulting in the launch of new and more soft drink variants. Due to which also the companies are adopting aggressive market strategies. Although consumers are going for and liking every soft drink brand but definitely some brands have more value and demand in the market than compared to others. This research was carried out for knowing the brand having maximum market potency, which is Thums Up hence objective achieved. At the end of this report we can clearly conclude that Coke had been greatly got success in the local Lucknow market of soft drinks as the first two positions of maximum potency Brands are held by Thums Up (22%) and Coca cola (16%). This tells us that coke’s marketing strategy is far more clear cut and accurate than its competitors Pepsico, Coke is very well understanding the mind of the local Lucknow Consumer’s, which is making coke and its other brands more preferred and desired by the consumers in Lucknow market than compared to Pepsico’s Brands. Annexure Name:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Age:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Address:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Mob. No†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Occupation:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. E-mail:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1: Excellent2: Good3: Average4: Satisfactory5: Bad Questn 1 : Which softdrink do you drink the most ?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Questn 2: You choose your softdrink on what basis ? Brand wise ()Taste wise () Questn 3: How early and fast can you recall the following brands first? (rate from 1 to 5 for each) |Pepsi |Coke |Thumbs Up |Miranda |Slice | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | Questn 4: Priority wise tell that which brand will you repurchase again ? (rate from 1 to 5 for each) |Pepsi |Coke |Thumbs Up |Miranda |Slice | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | Questn 5: Do you get attracted or feel motivated towards the following brands for the purpose of use ? |Pepsi |Coke |Thumbs Up |Miranda |Slice | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | Questn 6: Are you aware of the company names of these brands ? rate from 1 to 5 for each) |Pepsi |Coke |Thumbs Up |Miranda |Slice | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | Questn 7: Do you feel that the following brand names justify their name with their purpose ? Pepsi |Coke |Thumbs Up |Miranda |Slice | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | |Maaza |Mountain Dew |Sprite |7 UP |Fanta | |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) |( ) | [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]